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(1)YOUR LI FE Sol i dar i t yi npr ac t i c e: ec onomi cal t er na t i v es f r om t heVi s egr adc ount r i es.

(2) Sol i dar i t yi npr ac t i c e: ec onomi cal t er nat i v es f r om t heVi s egr adc ount r i es AUT HORS:At t i l aMe s t e r ,Z s uz s a nnaMe s t e r ,Mo ni k aOny s z k i e wi c z ,Ma r o šPr č i na ,Ev aRi e č a ns k á ,Ma r i us zSi b i l a , Ka r o l í naSi l ná , J i ř í Si l ný , Pe t e rV i t t e k EDI T EDBY : Ev aRi e č a ns k á GRAPHI CDESI GN: J a r o mí rSa l a j T hi sp ub l i c a t i o nwa sp r e p a r e di nc o o p e r a t i o no f p a r t ne r s : Ek ume ni c k áa k a d e mi e , www. e k uma k a d . c z Pr o fil a nt r o pEg y e s ül e t , www. p r o fil a nt r o p . o r g und a c j aEk o Ro z wo j u, www. f e r . o r g . p l F Ut o p i a , www. ut o p i a . s k. Pub l i s he db yUt o p i ai n2 0 2 1 .. Al l p ho t o sa ndi ma g e si nt hi sp ub l i c a t i o na r et hep r o p e r t yo f t hea b o v e me nt i o ne dp a r t ne r sunl e s so t he r wi s es t a t e d . T hi sp ub l i c a t i o nha sb e e np ub l i s he dund e rt heCr e a t i v ec o mmo nsl i c e nc e :c r e a t i v ec o mmo ns3 . 0no nc o mme r c i a l a t t r i b ut i o ns ha r e a l i k e .. T hi sp r o j e c t ( Re s t a r t Y o urLi f ea ndT hr i v e–I nno v a t i v eMo d e l sf o rSus t a i na b l eLo c a l Li v i ng ) wa sma d ep o s s i b l et hr o ug h V i s e g r a dGr a nt No . 2 1 9 2 0 2 4 0f r o mt heI nt e r na t i o na l V i s e g r a dF und ..

(3) CONTENTS WhyWeNeedaRes t a r t ?. 01. Ca s esf r omt heCz ec hRepubl i c. 02. Soc i a l a ndSol i da r i t yEc onomyi nt heCz ec hRepubl i c. 03. Wher eI ndependenc eMeet sCooper a t i on ( The c o o pe r a t i v e publ i s hi ng. 05. ho us eI DEA, Pr a gue ) V ega ni s m,Cooper a t i v i s ma ndSol i da r i t yunderoneRoof( The s o c i a l. 09. c o o pe r a t i v eBi s t r oSt ř e c ha , Pr a gue ) Ca s esf r omHunga r y. 12. Soc i a l a ndSol i da r i t yEc onomyi nHunga r y. 13. ASol i da r i t yRes pons et ot heHous i ngCr i s i s( TheSo c i a lHo us i ngAge nc y. 14. pr o j e c t o f t heUt c á bó l La k á s baa s s o c i a t i o n, Buda pe s t ) AHubWher ePeopl eMeeta ndCul t ur esMi x( TheFi l a nt r ó pi ac ha r i t ys ho p,. 18. Buda pe s t ) Ca s esf r omPol a nd. 21. Soc i a l a ndSol i da r i t yEc onomyi nPol a nd. 22. Shor t eni ngt heDi s t a nc e,Bui l di ngt heFoodCommuni t y( Theo r ga ni c. 24. ma r k e t Kr ó t k aDr o ga , Wr o c ł a w) Gr o wni nt heCi t y( Thec o mmuni t yga r de nOł bi ńs k i Ogr ó dOt wa r t y , Wr o c ł a w) Ca s esf r omSl o v a ki a. 28 31. Soc i a l a ndSol i da r i t yEc onomyi nSl o v a ki a. 32. TheMor eBi kes , t heBet t er( Thei nf o r ma l i ni t i a t i v eCy k l o k uc hy ňa , Br a t i s l a v a ). 34. Spor ti saCommuni t y , NotaCommodi t y( TheKo z mo sf o o t ba l l c o mmuni t y ,. 37. Br a t i s l a v a ) ThePubl i cEnt er pr i s et ha t Feel sLi keaFa mi l y( Thes o c i a l e nt e r pr i s eAgr o–. 40. dr e v i no v ýe k o s y s t é mBBSK, Ro v ňa ny ) About t hePr oj ec t a ndPa r t ner s. 44.

(4) WHYWENEEDARESTART? Theec onomi cs i t uat i oni nV4c ount r i ess t agnat es ,andt heec onomi cmodelbas edondi r ec tf or ei gn i nv es t menthasr eac hedi t sl i mi t sal ongt i meago.Of t enev eni fnew j obsar ec r eat ed,t her ear eno wor ker sav ai l abl eandempl oy er sar ehi r i ngpeopl ef r om ot herc ount r i es .Att hes amet i me,s ome peopl ear el ongt er m unempl oy edordeemedt obe" unempl oy abl e" .Wagess t i l ldonotmat c ht hos ei n Wes t er nEur ope.Voi c esc l ai mi ngt hatt hepr oc es sof" c at c hi ngupwi t ht heWes t "hasended,andt hos e s ay i ngt hatourc ount r i eswi l lnev err eac hwes t er ns oc i aldev el opmentar eont her i s e.Mor eov er ,t her e i sagr owi ngbodyofev i denc et hatpr ev al entec onomi cmodel sar enots us t ai nabl ei nt het i mesoft he c ur r entc l i mat ec r i s i s– t heyar e har mf ult ot he env i r onmentand c ont r i but et o unev en s oc i al dev el opmentbyc r eat i ngar easofdeepeni ngec onomi cands oc i aldepr i v at i on.Someoft her egi onsar e t hr eat enedwi t hdepopul at i on.I n2020,dev el opment si nal lV4c ount r i eswer eal s onegat i v el yaf f ec t ed byt heCov i d19pandemi c s .Unempl oy mentr os et empor ar i l yandmanypeopl ef oundt hems el v esi n di r eex i s t ent i alpr obl emsasar es ul tofpoor l yor gani s edordel i ber at el ymi s s i ngs uppor t ,andt he ov er al lant i s oc i alappr oac hofneol i ber algov er nment st ot hec r i s i s .Thec ons equenc esofpandemi c meas ur eswi l lbec omeappar entl at er ,buti ti sl i kel yt hat–asi not herc r i s es–peopl ewi l lhav et o r es pondwi t ht hei rownbot t omupac t i on.Att hes amet i me,t or ev i v et heec onomy ,i ti snec es s ar yt o pr omot et hos ev oi c est hatal r eadyf ors omet i mehav ebeendr awi ngat t ent i ont ot hehar mf ul nes sand uns us t ai nabi l i t yofout dat eddev el opmentmodel s . I ti s ,henc e,ur gentt o pr omot e new appr oac hest o ec onomi cand s oc i aldev el opmenti nt he V4 c ount r i es .Rec ent l y ,ac r os st he V4 r egi on,v ar i ous ac t or s( i ndi v i dual s ,or gani s at i ons and publ i c admi ni s t r at i on bodi es )hav es t ar t ed f os t er i ng new l oc alappr oac hest ot he s oc i aland s ol i dar i t y ec onomy ,s uc hasl oc al l yor gani s edpr oduc t i onandc ons umpt i on,muni c i palent er pr i s es ,andt hel i ke, s omeoft hem t aki ngi nt oac c ountal s ot heenv i r onment aldi mens i onoft hei rac t i v i t i esandoper at i on. 1p Thes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomy r ov i desav i abl eal t er nat i v et ot hepr ev al entec onomi cmodel sand pr ac t i c es .Av as tnumberofi ni t i at i v esar eal r eadyc r eat i ngc hangei nourc ommuni t i es ,andi nt heway i nwhi c hwer el at et oeac hot her ,t oourenv i r onment ,andot herf or msofl i f e.Theyr epr es ent“ r eal Ut opi as ”–ar eal l yex i s t i ngandoper at i ngec onomybas edondemoc r at i cands ol i dar i t yv al ues .Ther e ar e many s uc c es ss t or i es ofl oc alac t or st ac kl i ng ec onomi c pr obl ems i ni nnov at i v e way sv i a es t abl i s hi ngs oc i al l yc ons c i ousandenv i r onment al l ys us t ai nabl eent er pr i s es .Theyof t enoper at ei n di f fic ul tc ondi t i onsofunder dev el opedr egi ons .Mos toft hem ar eex ampl esofgr as s r ooti ni t i at i v es nt opeopl e’ spot ent i alt oc r eat i v el yc ombatpov er t yandenv i r onment aldegr adat i on.Butt her e t appi ngi ar eal s oex ampl esofs uppor tf ort hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomy“ f r om abov e” ,mos t l yont hel oc al l ev el .Muni c i pal i t i esorl oc algov er nment sc anbev er yi mpor t antandef f ec t i v eac t or sofneededs oc i al and ec onomi cc hanges .They c an mobi l i s el oc alr es our c es and us et he s t r uc t ur es ofpubl i c admi ni s t r at i ont of os t ers ol i dar i t yanddemoc r ac y .Manypat hsl eadt oc hange.. Howev er ,t hes eef f or t sof t enoc c uri ni s ol at i onf r om eac hot herandt her ei sagr owi ngdemandf ora mor es y s t emat i cex c hangeofnewi deas , ex per i enc esandknowhow.Thenet wor ki ngofv ar i ousac t or s mus tai m atc r eat i ngs t r uc t ur esr epr es ent i ngr es i s t anc et odes t r uc t i v epubl i cpol i c i es . TheV4c ount r i es hav ebeenf ac i ngs i mi l arc hal l engesandhenc ehav eal ott oof f eri ndeal i ngwi t hs i mi l ari s s ues .We hav ec hos ens ev er alc as esf r om eac hc ount r ywhi c hwer egar dasi ns pi r at i onalex ampl esofgood pr ac t i c e. Theyar equi t edi v er s e, ast heys howawi dev ar i et yofor gani s at i onsandi ni t i at i v esandabr oad r angeoft hei rac t i v i t i es . Eac hc ount r yt eam t ookas l i ght l ydi f f er entappr oac ht opr es entt hei rc as es , but t heyar eal luni fiedbyac ommont hr ead–t ohi ghl i ghtv ar i ousway si nwhi c hwec anbui l ds ol i dar i t y bet weenpeopl eandi nourc ommuni t i es . Repeat i ngt hes amepr oc edur esov erandov eragai nandex pec t i ngt hem t os ol v et hepr obl emst heyar e c aus i ngdoesnotmakemuc hs ens e.Thec r i s eswear ef ac i ngc l ear l ys how t hatc hangei snotonl y nec es s ar ybutal s ounav oi dabl e.Howev er ,i twi l lnotc omef r om i ns t i t ut i onsands t r uc t ur eswhos e s ur v i v aldependsonmai nt ai ni ngobs ol et eanddes t r uc t i v eec onomi cac t i v i t i esandempt ypol i t i c al i deol ogi es . As oc i et yt hati sdemoc r at i candr ej ec t saut hor i t ar i ani s m andoppr es s i oni nal li t sf or msc an onl ygr ow outofapr ac t i c ei nwhi c ht hev al uesofs ol i dar i t y ,c ooper at i on,andr es pec tf orl i f ear et he bas i sofal lr el at i ons .Andt hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyor gani s at i onsandi ni t i at i v esar eal r eady s howi ngust hewayt or eac ht hes e“ news hor es ” .. 1R es our c esi nc l udi ngdefini t i onsandv ar i ousex ampl esoft hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyc anbef oundont hewebs i t e. ht t p: / / www. s oc i oec o. or g. 1.

(5) CASESFROM THECZECHREPUBLI C. 2.

(6) Soc i alandSol i dar i t yEc onomyi nt heCz ec hRepubl i c I nt heCz ec hRepubl i c ,i ti snoteas yt os peakabouts oc i ali s s ues .I nt hegener alpubl i c ,t het opi c s r el at edt ot hec ommon,s oc i et algood,ar emetwi t hac er t ai ndegr eeofav er s i on,mos t l yduet ot he t ot al i t ar i anpas tof“ s oc i al i s t ”Cz ec hos l ov aki a.Themeani ngoft hec onc epti sr educ edt ohel pi ngt he poorandv ul ner abl epeopl e.Sot hes oc i alec onomyands oc i alent r epr eneur s hi pi nt heCz ec hRepubl i c ar e pr i mar i l yper c ei v ed asi ni t i at i v est o empl oydi s adv ant aged peopl e( mai nl yt hr ough s oc al l ed i nt egr at i ons oc i alent er pr i s es ) ,andi nt hi ss ens e,t henot i onsoft he“ s oc i alec onomy ”and“ s oc i al ent er pr i s e”ar er ec ogni s edasr el ev ant .Soc i alent r epr eneur s hi pi sper c ei v edasani ns t r umentof s ol v i ngs oc i alpr obl emsandnotasan al t er nat i v eappr oac ht ot heec onomy .Thedefini t i onsand c onc ept soft hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyar eal mos tunknown.Butt hankst os omepr oj ec t s , r es ear c handeduc at i onalpr ogr ammesc ar r i edouti nt hel as ty ear sbyNGOsands omei ns t i t ut i ons , t he awar enes si ss l owl yr i s i ng. Anot herr ootoft hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyi st hec ooper at i v emov ement ,whi c hi nt heCz ec h Republ i chasmor et han170y ear sl onghi s t or y .Cooper at i v espl ay edav er yi mpor t antr ol ei nt he19t h and20t hc ent ur yi nmanyec onomi cs ec t or ss uc hasagr i c ul t ur e,r et ai l ,el ec t r i fic at i on,c ul t ur e,and manyot her s .I nt hes ec ondhal foft he20t hc ent ur y ,manyagr i c ul t ur alc ooper at i v eswer ees t abl i s hed, butt heydi dnotadher et obas i cpr i nc i pl esofc ooper at i v i s m.Duet of or c i bl es oc al l edc ol l ec t i v i s at i on mandat ed f r om t he t op by t he r ul i ng aut hor i t i es ,t hey wer e notes t abl i s hed as aut onomous or gani s at i onsc r eat edasanex pr es s i onoft hef r eewi l loft hei rmember s .Henc e,dec i s i onmaki ngi n s uc hc ooper at i v es was notf r ee and democ r at i c buts ubdued under pol i t i c alc ont r ol .Thes e dev el opment ss ev er el ydamagedt hei mageofc ooper at i v esasanor gani s at i onalf or m.Ev eni nt henew pol i t i c als i t uat i on,whi c hgr ant speopl et hef r eedom ofas s oc i at i on,c ooper at i v esar eper c ei v edwi t ha c er t ai ns us pi c i on.Sl owl yt hi ss i t uat i onhasbeenc hangi ng,Thenumberofnewc ooper at i v es ,s omeof t hem ar e“ s oc i alc ooper at i v es ” ,i sgr owi ng–asourt woc as es t udi esat t es t . I nt heef f or t st odev el opt hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomys ec t ori nt heCz ec hRepubl i c ,t ogai n knowl edgeoft heov er al ls i t uat i onac ompr ehens i v emappi ngoft hes i t uat i onoft heSSEwasdonei n 2015,andoni t sbas i st hefir s tSoc i alandSol i dar i t yEc onomyFor um wasor gani z edi n2017i nPr ague. I tbr oughtt oget herdi f f er entac t or s ,i nc l udi ngl oc alpol i t i c i ans ,s t at eadmi ni s t r at i onof fic i al s ,peopl e f r om SSEent er pr i s es ,uni v er s i t i es ,NGOs ,educ at or sandex per t s .Amor er ec entpr oj ec tBui l di ngUp SSEi si nt endedt opr omot eSSEbypr ov i di ngknowl edge, s ki l l sandc ompet enc i est hr oughani nnov at i v e t r ai ni ngpr ogr amme1.Buteduc at i onont hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyi ss t i l lmai nl yt hedomai nof nonf or maleduc at i on.I ti spr ov i dedbyNGOst hatar edependentonpr oj ec tf undi ng,andhenc es ome oft hepr ogr ammesc annotc ont i nueaf t ert hepr oj ec tends . I nr ec enty ear s ,manyac t i v i t i esr el at edt oor gani cagr i c ul t ur eandCommuni t ySuppor t edAgr i c ul t ur e i ni t i at i v es hav e been unf ol di ng, s uppor t ed al s ot hr ough t r ai ni ng f or c oor di nat or s ,t r ai ner s , c ommuni t i esandf ar mer s . Al s o, ani nc ubat orf ornewor gani cf ar mer swases t abl i s hed. Soc i alf ar mi ng i sanew c onc eptt hathasr ec ent l yqui c kl ydev el oped.I tf oc us esoni nt er l i nki ng( i deal l yor gani c ) f ar mi ngwi t hs oc i ali nt egr at i on( about40s oc i alf ar msandot heror gani s at i onspr omot eandi mpl ement t hi sc onc ept ) .Theenv i r onment als oc i alent er pr i s et hatt endst odealwi t hs pec i ficenv i r onment al i s s ues–us ual l yt hos er el ev anti nt hei rc ommuni t i es–i sal s oqui t eanewc onc epti nt heCz ec hRepubl i c ( s i nc e2017)andhasapot ent i alf ordev el opment ³ . I n2009,t het hemat i cnet wor kf ort hes oc i alec onomy( TESSEA)wases t abl i s hed( andf or mal i s edi t s ac t i v i t yi n2015)wi t ht heai mt os uppor tt hedev el opmentofs oc i alent r epr eneur s hi pi nt heCz ec h 4T heCooper at i v eAs s oc i at i on Republ i c ,pr ov i di ngi nf or mat i on,net wor ki ng,t r ai ni ngandc ons ul t at i ons . oft heCz ec hRepubl i c ,anas s oc i at i ont hats ur v i v edt her egi mec hange,pr ov i desas s i s t anc et oi t s 5T member s and pr omot es t he i deas ofc ooper at i v i s m. he NGO Al t er nat i v a Zdol ar uns di f f er ent 6 pr ogr ammess uppor t i ngc ooper at i v esbyeduc at i onandpr omot i onofc ooper at i v ev al uesandpr i nc i pl e.. 2I nf or mat i onandeduc at i onalmat er i al sf r om t heBui l di ngUpSSEpr oj ec tc anbef oundi nEngl i s h,Ger man,Pol i s h,Cz ec hand. Sl ov akher e:ht t ps : / / www. s oc i oec o. or g/ bus s e 3T heEur opeanCommi s s i on( 2019) ,Soc i alent er pr i s esandt hei rec os y s t emsi nEur ope.Updat edc ount r yr epor t :TheCz ec h. Republ i c .Aut hor :Ev aFr aňkov á.Lux embour g:Publ i c at i onsOf fic eoft heEur opeanUni on.Av ai l abl eatht t ps : / / eur opa. eu/ ! Qq64ny 4T hewebs i t eofTESSEA:ht t ps : / / www. t es s ea. c z / 5T hewebs i t eoft heCooper at i v eAs s oc i at i onoft heCz ec hRepubl i c :ht t p: / / dac r . c z / c ooper at i v eas s oc i at i on/ 6A l t er nat i v aZdol adev el opedac ooper at i v ei nc ubat or–pr ov i di ngi nf or mat i onont hewebs i t eht t p: / / dr uz s t ev ni i nkubat or . c z / , and. al s oc ons ul t at i onsf ort hos ewhowantt os t ar tac ooper at i v e.. 3.

(7) TheMi ni s t r yofLabourandSoc i alAf f ai r sr unsapr ogr am ons oc i alent r epr eneur s hi pandof f er s 7I twor kswi t hex per t s ,c ons ul t ant s , c ons ul t at i ons ,wor ks hopsandi nt er ns hi psi ns oc i alent er pr i s es . l ec t ur er s ,educ at i onali ns t i t ut i ons ,ent r epr eneur sandnet wor ks ,f orex ampl et heI mpac tHubPr ague, t heNat i onalNet wor kofLoc alAc t i onGr oupsort hel eadi ngNGOi nt hefiel dofs oc i alent r epr eneur s hi p P3–Peopl ePl anetPr ofit .Bymi d2021,173s oc i alent er pr i s eswer er egi s t er edwi t hal mos t4, 000 8 empl oy eeswi t hs oc i alandheal t hdi s adv ant age. Dur i ngt heCov i d19pandemi c si n2020, t heTESSEAs entanopenl et t ers i gnedbymor et han100s oc i al ent er pr i s est ot heMi ni s t erofLabourandSoc i alAf f ai r sas ki ngf orabet t erandeas i erc ompens at i ons f ors oc i alent er pr i s esi nt hec r i s i s .Al otofs oc i alent er pr i s espr ov i des er v i c es ,of t eni nt hefiel dof gas t r onomy ,andwer es ev er el yhi tbyt hec r i s i s ;s omeoft hem ev enhadt oc l os e.Unf or t unat el y ,t he Mi ni s t r ydi d notc ome up wi t h anys pec i alai df ors oc i alent er pr i s es .Theyc an onl yappl yf or c ompens at i onspr ov i dedf or“ or di nar y ”ent r epr eneur s . pec i ficl awst os uppor ts oc i alent r epr eneur s hi par es t i l lnoti npl ac e.Al t houghdr af t shav ebeen As pr epar ed,t heyhav ebeenwai t i ngf oradopt i onf ors omey ear sal r eady .Pol i t i c i ansc oul dgeti ns pi r at i on i nSl ov aki a,wher et heAc tont heSoc i alEc onomyandSoc i alEnt er pr i s eswaspas s edi n2018.. 7T hewebs i t eoft heMi ni s t r yofLabourandSoc i alAf f ai r sabouts oc i alent r epr eneur s hi p:ht t ps : / / c es kes oc i al ni podni kani . c z / 8U pt odat enumber sc anbef oundi nt he„ Addr es sBookofSoc i alEnt er pr i s es “ :ht t ps : / / c es kes oc i al ni podni kani . c z / adr e-. s ar s oc i al ni c hpodni ku. 4.

(8) Wher eI ndependenc eMeet sCooper at i on Thec ooper at i v epubl i s hi nghous eI DEA,Pr ague “ Readi ngwi l lnotc hanget hewor l d,buti twi l lc er t ai nl yc hangey ourv i ewofi t . ”Thi ss t at ement ,whi c h t he publ i s hi ng hous eI DEA c hoos et o be t hei rmot t o,ac c ur at el yr eflec t st he mai n ai m oft hi s i ndependentpubl i s her–t obr i ngal t er nat i v ev i s i ons ,t heor i es ,andi deast ot hepubl i cdebat e.Thr ough t hei rbooks ,t hec ooper at i v es t r i v est oex pandt heCz ec hbi bl i odi v er s i t y ,i . e.c ul t ur aldi v er s i t yappl i edt o t hewr i t i ngandpubl i s hi ngwor l d,s uppor tnonpr ofitpr oj ec t s ,andgi v ev oi c et oi ndi v i dual sandgr oups whowoul dot her wi s egounhear d.I ti sal s ot hei rambi t i ont opubl i s hi nt er es t i ngt r ans l at i onsoff or ei gn andhi s t or i c alt ex t s . " Knowi ngt hatnoi s ol at eds c i enc ec anadequat el yr eflec tal ls oc i alc hal l engesandenv i r onment al l i mi t s ,i ti sourpr i or i t yt oc onnec tv ar i ousdi s c i pl i nesf r om ec onomyands oc i ol ogyt ophi l os ophyand pol i t i c als c i enc e, "s t at edVendul aBi t t ner ,t hec ur r entc hai r per s onoft heI DEApubl i s hi nghous e. Thec ooper at i v epubl i s hi nghous eI DEAi st heonl yoneofi t ski ndi nt heCz ec hRepubl i c .Whydi dt hey c hoos et hec ooper at i v east hei rl egalf or mf r om al lot herpos s i bl eopt i ons ?AsVendul aBi t t ners ay s : “ Thec ooper at i v emov ementi nt heCz ec hRepubl i cs t ar t edasar eac t i ont ot hegr owi ngec onomi c pr es s ur eofc api t al i s m,whi c hc aus ed t hedeepeni ng ofs oc i ali nequal i t i es .I ndi v i dual sor gani s ed t hems el v esi nc ons umerorpr oduc t i onc ooper at i v esandc r eat edt hefir s tor gani s at i onsbas edon s ol i dar i t yandequal i t y .Thi sent r epr eneur i almodel ,whi c hput st hei nt er es t sofpeopl eabov epr ofit ,i s s t i l lal i v et hr oughoutt hewor l d. We, t her ef or e, want edt or ehabi l i t at et hec ooper at i v easaf or m ofs oc i al ent er pr i s eandf ol l owt hes oc i al democ r at i ct r adi t i on.Fr om t hes ec ondhal foft he19t hc ent ur yt ot he i nt er war per i od, c ooper at i v es wer e, al ong wi t hl abour uni ons , one of t he pi l l ar s of t he s oc i al democ r at i cmov ement .Wec an t her ef or es t at et hatt heyputs oc i aldemoc r at i ci deal si nt o pr ac t i c e. ” Al t houghVendul aBi t t nerhol dst heof fic i alpos i t i onofac hai r per s on,t hec ooper at i v ef unc t i onson nonhi er ar c hi c alpr i nc i pl es .Eac hofi t ss ev enmember shasonev ot e,ands of art her ehasnotbeena needf oramaj or i t yv ot e. Al ldec i s i onshav ebeent akenbyc ons ens us . " Somet i mesac hi ev i ngc ons ens us t akesl onger ,buti nt heend,i t ’ swor t hi t .I fi ti sadec i s i onofusal l ,i t ' smuc heas i ert os t i c kbyi t .We wor kbet t erwhenweknowwewantt or eac ht hegoal sweal lagr eedon, "addsBi t t ner . uc hdec i s i onmaki ngwor ki npr ac t i c e?" Al lmember swhoar ei nt er es t edt odos ot akepar t Howdoess i ndec i s i onmaki ng, "Vendul aBi t t ners t at es .“ I ndi v i dualt as ksar eas s i gnedandt hei rc ompl et i oni s ev al uat edatr egul armeet i ngs ,bas edonpeopl e’ sex per t i s eandc apac i t i es .Las ty ear ,duet ot he pandemi cc r i s i s ,wemov ed ourmeet i ngsonl i neand i nc r eas ed t hei rf r equenc i es .Weus ec l oud pl at f or msandt eam c ommuni c at i onappl i c at i onsi nourwor k. ”Fac i l i t at i oni sanes s ent i alt oolt or eac h c ons ens usmor eef fic i ent l yandi nc r eas et hes peedandef fic i enc yofdec i s i onmaki ng.Oneoft he c ooper at i v emember si sas ki l l edf ac i l i t at or .Nev er t hel es s ,t hes i t uat i onwhenonl yonememberoft he c ol l ec t i v ehol dst hef ac i l i t at orr ol ei snoti deal . " Thatper s onhast oweart wohat s , af ac i l i t at or ’ shatand amember ’ shat ,s oi t ' snots i mpl e, "s ay st hec hai r per s on." Cur r ent l y ,howev er ,webel i ev ei t ' snot nec es s ar yt ohav eanot herper s ont ot akeov ert hef ac i l i t at orr ol e. May bewewi l lr eev al uat ei ti fwehav e pr obl emsr eac hi ngc ons ens usi nt hef ut ur e. " Howev er ,anonhi er ar c hi c alor gani s at i ons et upandoper at i ngwi t hi nagener al l yhi er ar c hi c als oc i et al env i r onmentc oul dbr i ngaboutt her i s eofi nf or malhi er ar c hi es ,es pec i al l ywhent hel awr equi r est hat t heor gani s at i oni sof fic i al l yheadedbyac hai r per s on.Howdoest hec ooper at i v edealwi t ht hef ac tt hat one oft hei rmember sf or mal l yfil l st he c hai r per s on r ol e? Jan Ex ner ,anot hermemberoft he c ooper at i v eex pl ai ns :" Ev en i n anonhi er ar c hi c alor gani s at i on,s omeonei sa‘ nat ur al ’aut hor i t y ; s omeonewhodedi c at esmor et i meandener gyt ot hec ommonpoolofwor kandac t i v i t i es ;s omeone whoi smor ev i s i bl e.Butt het r ut hi st hatwedi s c us sal lmaj ort hi ngst oget heranddec i deupont hem c ol l ec t i v el y . "Thec hai r per s onVendul aBi t t neradds ," Idon' tt hi nkt hatt her ear eanydi f f er enc es .I al way ss ayt hatasac hai r per s onIhav eex ac t l yt hes amev oi c easev er y oneel s e. "Sheadmi t s , howev er , t hats hedoeshav eanadv ant agec ompar edt ot heot her s .Shepl anst hemeet i ngsandhasmor et i me t ot hi nkaboutar gument sbef or ehand." Buts t i l l ,Iof t enhav et hewhoi smor ev i s i bl e.Butt het r ut hi s t hatwedi s c us sal lmaj ort hi ngst oget heranddec i deupont hem c ol l ec t i v el y . "Thec hai r per s onVendul a Bi t t neradds ," Idon' tt hi nkt hatt her ear eanydi f f er enc es .Ial way ss ayt hatasac hai r per s onIhav e ac t l yt hes amev oi c easev er y oneel s e. "Sheadmi t s ,howev er ,t hats hedoeshav eanadv ant age ex c ompar ed t ot heot her s .Shepl anst hemeet i ngsand hasmor et i met ot hi nkaboutar gument s bef or ehand." Buts t i l l ,Iof t enhav et hei mpr es s i ont hatIgett hes hor tendoft hes t i c k,asi thas happenedmanyt i mest hatot her sper s uadedmewi t ht hei rar gument s .So,Ibel i ev et hatourhi er ar c hy i s‘ flat ’ . " Thefinanc i ngoft hepubl i s hi nghous ei sbas edont wof undament alpi l l ar s .Thefir s tar el oansf r om t he c ooper at i v e' smember s .Thes ec ondpi l l ari sv ol unt ar ywor k–ev er y onec ont r i but eswi t ht hei rwor kt o. 5.

(9) t hec oop' soper at i on.Themember sdonotr ec ei v eanys al ar yf ort hei rwor kandar ec ur r ent l ynot pl anni ng t o di v i de anypot ent i alpr ofitamong t hems el v es .Regar dl es s oft he i nt ens i t yofone' s i nv ol v ementi nt hec ooper at i v eandt heamountoft hei rl oan,al lmember sar eequalowner s . I nt heer awhent heec onomyi smai nl ydomi nat edbyc ompet i t i onandt heef f or t st omax i mi s epr ofit , v ol unt ar y ,unpai dwor kc anbeas i gni fic antemot i onalbur den.Thi sbegst heques t i onofbur nout pr ev ent i on." Whati sr eal l yr ef r es hi ngi st hec ont r as tofourwor l dwi t ht hewor l df oc us edonpr ofiti n whi c hpubl i s her sof t enpubl i s h,orc anpubl i s h,onl yt hos ebookst hatbr i ngi nmoneyort hos et hatar e publ i s hedt hr oughs omes ubs i di es .Wepubl i s hbookst hatc anc hanget hi ss y s t em atl eas tal i t t l ebi t .I us edt owor ki napubl i s hi nghous eownedbymyf r i endandhehadt os uppl ementany t hi ngmeani ngf ul hepubl i s hedwi t ht woc ookbooks , "s ay sJanEx ner .Vendul aBi t t neradds :" Weal lagr eedt hatour publ i s hi nghous ei st hatki ndoft her apyt hr oughwhi c hwepr ev entbur nouti not herpar t sofourl i v es . Thef eel i ngofaj obwel ldone,ofpubl i s hi ngbookst hatpeopl er eadandenj oy ,hasapos i t i v eand t her apeut i cef f ec tonus . ” Ot herpot ent i alfinanc i als our c esf ort hei rpr oj ec t sc oul dbegr ant s .“ Wheni tc omest ogr ant s , wedon' t av oi dt hem apr i or i , ”Vendul aBi t t nerc onfides . “ Howev er , wehav en' ty etf oundagr antt hatwoul dfitour pr oj ec t s ,andwedon' twantt oadj us tourpr oj ec t st ofitt hegr ant s . ”Thi ss t anc edemons t r at esanot her v i t alas pec toft hec ooper at i v eI DEA–t hei ri ndependenc e.Whatdoest hi smeanf ort hec ol l ec t i v e?“ I t meanst hatnoonedi c t at est ouswhatwec anandc annotpubl i s h,whati ts houl dl ookl i ke,andhowi t s houl df eel .Wedec i deaboutal loft hi si nourbes tc ons c i enc e.Wear eal s ofinanc i al l yi ndependentand woul dnev erent eri nt oapar t ner s hi pwi t hs omeonewhowoul dwantt oc hangeourv al ues ,s hi f tour goal s ,orwoul dnotbei nl i newi t ht hem. ” Fi nanc i als us t ai nabi l i t yi sanes s ent i alc ondi t i onf ori ndependenc e.Ther ef or e,t hec ol l ec t i v et r i est o dev el oppr ofit abl epr oj ec t sal ongs i det hos egener at i ngno,ormi ni mal ,pr ofit s .“ Ev er ys ol dbookhel ps c r eat eanewone, ”s ay sVendul aBi t t ner .Thefir s tt wopubl i c at i onsar eanex ampl e.Wi t ht hefir s tbook, t hec ompendi um Budouc nos t( TheFut ur e) ,t hec os t smat c hedt hei nc omef r om s al es .“ So,gi v ent he pr oc es soft hemaki ngoft hebookandhowwef oc us edoni nt er es t i ngc ont entanddes i gn,weac t ual l y br okeev en. Al t houghwehadonemor epar t nerwhoi npar tc ont r i but edt ot hemaki ngoft hebook. What weear nedf r om s al esc ov er edt her ealc os t s , butwedi dnotf ac t ori nourownwor k. ”Thi ss i t uat i onwas c ompens at edbyt hes ec ondpr oj ec t–t het r ans l at i onofTheDoughnutEc onomi c sbyt heBr i t i s h ec onomi s tKat eRawor t h.Thec ooper at i v emember sf el tt hatt heyc oul dt ar gett hi sbookatawi der audi enc e.“ I thasbeens el l i ngwel ls of ar .Att heendof2020,wepubl i s hedt hefir s tedi t i onof1, 000 c opi es , andwewi l lpr obabl yber epr i nt i ngi tt hi sy ear .Wi t ht hi sbook, wef ac t or edt hev al ueofourwor k i nt he pr i c ec al c ul at i on.We ex pec tt hatwe c oul d make s ome pr ofitf r om i t , ”s ay st he c oop' s c hai r per s on. Thel aunc hi ngoft hec ompendi um Budouc nos t .Phot obyRadi m Hej duk.. 6.

(10) I deasandv al uest hatar eatt hec or eoft heI DEABooksar er eflec t ednotonl yi nt hec oop’ ss el ec t i onof bookt i t l esbutal s oi ni t sr el at i onswi t ht hi r dpar t i es .“ Wec ol l abor at ewi t h‘ ki ndr ed’c oops ,bei tc af és orpr i nts hops .Al s o,t oget herwi t hot hers i mi l ar l ybi g,ors mal l ,publ i s her s ,wet r yt ohel peac hot her , ” ex pl ai nsVendul aBi t t ner .“ Wepr ef ert oc ooper at ewi t hs mal l erc ompani es ,embeddedi nt hel oc al ec onomy ,i ns t eadofc or por at egi ant s .Webel i ev ei nt hepowerofper s onalappr oac handweac tas peopl ewhoar epar tofal ar gerwhol e. ” Under s t andabl y ,t hec ompanywi t hwhi c ht hec oopc ol l abor at est hemos ti sapr i nts hop.Rec ent l y ,t hey hav epar t ner edwi t haf ami l y r unc ompanyi nŽďárnadSáz av ou.“ Whatwel i keaboutt hi sc ompanyi s al s ot hef ac tt hati ti sl oc at edi nas mal l erCz ec ht own.Thec ol l abor at i onwi t ht hem i sr eal l ygoodand al t hought heyar eabi tmor eex pens i v et hans omel ar gerpr i nts hops ,wes eet hes eex t r ac os t sas meani ngf ulandwec er t ai nl ydonotpl ant opr i ntourbookss omewher ei nChi na. ” Thec ooper at i v eI DEA s t ar t edi t soper at i ondur i ngt heper i odwhent hewor kont hec ompendi um Budouc nos twasbei ngfinal i z edandt hi sf ac tmi ghthav ebeent her ootoft hei rs uc c es st ot hi sdat e. “ Thankst ot hi spr oj ec twemanagedt obui l dac ommuni t yofs uppor t er s , "s ay sVendul aBi t t ner . ”We knewt hatt hr oughi t ,wewoul dbui l dourr eput at i onandourt ar getgr oupwi l lgett oknowust hr ough t hi sc ompendi um.Thepubl i c at i oni nc l udedaboutt hi r t yaut hor s ,andt hei rf r i endsandac quai nt anc es c r eat edac r i t i c almas st ol ear naboutusasatt hebegi nni ng. ”Thec ooper at i v eal s ous esot hermeans t or eac hpot ent i alr eader s–t hr oughnews paperar t i c l es , i nt er v i ews , di s c us s i ons , orc ul t ur alac t i onsi n s omewayr el at edt ot hec ont ent soft hei rpubl i s hedbooks . “ Weonl yr ar el yus epai dadv er t i s ement s , f or ex ampl e,wheni tc omeswi t honepac kagewi t hs omenewsar t i c l e.Soi ft heypubl i s hourar t i c l e s omewher e,wear ewi l l i ngt opayf oranadv er t i s ementt her et oo.Howev er ,i thast obeamedi um we c ons i derwor t hwhi l e. ” Feedbac kf r om t her eader st ot hec oopmember si sgener al l ypos i t i v e.“ Fori ns t anc e,wer ec ei v eda c ons t r uc t i v epi ec eofadv i c ef r om oneofourr eader st oc ons i derus i ngt heCz ec ht r ans c r i pt i onof Chi nes egi v ennamesandnamesofgeogr aphi c all oc at i ons .Wec ons i der edt hi ss ugges t i on,al t hough t heCz ec hgr ammarandus agear enotr eal l yc l earaboutt hi s .Nev er t hel es s ,wewer egr at ef ulf ort hi s f eedbac k,whi c h wasnotonl yc r i t i c albutal s oc ons t r uc t i v e.On t he ot herhand,an ex ampl e of s omet hi ngl es sc ons t r uc t i v ec anbet hef eedbac kwegotf r om onedev out‘ mar ketf undament al i s t ’ about‘ TheDoughnutEc onomi c s ’ . I twasmos t l yaboutt hec ont entoft hebookandwhathet houghtwas mi s s i ngors houl dhav ebeeni nc l uded.Butast hepubl i s herandt r ans l at or ,wedi dn’ tent eri nt oa di s c us s i onwi t hhi m. I fhewant edt ohol dt hi sdebat ewi t hs omeone, i ts houl dhav ebeenwi t ht hebook’ s aut hor . ” Af t ert woy ear sofi t sex i s t enc e, t heI DEAhast wobooksunderi t sbel t , “ AsI al r eadyment i oned, ourfir s t pr oj ec twast hec ompendi um ‘ Budouc nos t ’ , ”Vendul aBi t t ners t at es .“ I ti sabookt hatwas ,f r om i t s s t ar t ,c r eat edt hr oughc ol l ec t i v ec ol l abor at i onandmut ualc ooper at i on.Thewor koni ts t ar t edal ong t i mebef or ewef oundedt hec ooper at i v e.I tbegans ev er aly ear sagoi nt hec ol l ec t i v ear oundt he j our nal i s tandac t i v i s tApol enaRy c hl í kov á.Wegott oknowhert hr oughoneofourmember sJanEx ner , whoal s oaut hor edoneoft het ex t si nt hec ompendi um.Hei nf or medt hec ol l ec t i v ewhowasfini s hi ng t hepr oj ec taboutourc ooper at i v e,andot heraut hor sr es pondedpos i t i v el y .It hent ookpar ti noneof t hei rmeet i ngs ,pr es ent edt hepubl i s hi nghous e,i nc l udi ngourv i s i onoft hebook. "Ther eac t i onwas pos i t i v e, andt hec ol l ec t i v eoft heaut hor sent er edi nt oc ooper at i onwi t ht heI DEA. I ti snots ur pr i s i ng, as t hev al uesr epr es ent edi nt het ex t soft hebookov er l apwi t ht hepr i nc i pl esofc ooper at i v es ." Thei deas pr es ent edi nt hebookar ec l os et oour s , "t hec hai r per s onadds ." Weal s ol i kedt hewayt hes et hought s wer eex pr es s edbec aus eourgoali st oc onnec tdi f f er entgenr esandfiel ds .Thi sc ompendi um,whi c hi s or tofmani f es t ooft he‘ NewLef t ’ ,c ont ai nsdoz ensoft ex t saboutt hev i s i onoft hef ut ur ei nv ar i ous as as pec t sofl i f e.Theys howhowt he‘ NewLef t ’andi t ss uppor t er ss eet hef ut ur eofl i f eonpl anetEar t h, i nEur ope, andt heCz ec hRepubl i c , howt heys eet hef ut ur eofr el i gi on, f ami l y , andot herc r i t i c als oc i et al t hemes . Thec ol l abor at i onont hebookwasi nt ens e.Vendul aBi t t ners ay st hatt henewl yf or mi ngc ooper at i v e dec i dedt oi nv ol v eal loft hec oaut hor si nt hedec i s i onmaki ng." Thewhol epr oc es sofourwor kwas c ol l abor at i v e–f r om t het i mel i nepl ant ot hegr aphi cdes i gn,t or ev i s i onsorpr omot i on.Gi v ent he i nv ol v ementofmanypeopl e,i twasnotaneas ypr oc es s .Asas t ar t i ngpubl i s hi nghous e,wewent t hr oughabi gor deal ,butourfir s tbookc hi l dwasbor n.Andwear ev er ypr oudpar ent s ,al lf or t y pl usof us . ”Thec hai r per s ondes c r i beshow t heent hus i as m af t ert hefir s tbookl eds t r ai ghtt ot hewor kon anot herpr oj ec t :“ Wenat ur al l yl ear nedal otoft hi ngs ,webec amemor er eal i s t i candent hus i as t i c al l y s t ar t edwor ki ngonanot herpr oj ec t ,t hebook‘ TheDoughnutEc onomi c s ’ .I ni t ,t heaut horex pl ai nshow andwhyec onomi ct heor i es ,whi c hwer ec r eat edaf t erWor l dWarI Iandwhos er oot sgoev enf ur t heri n t i me,donotbyanymeansr eflec tt hec ont empor ar ywor l dandt hec r i s esandc hal l engeswef ac e. ”. 7.

(11) Themember soft hec ooper at i v ear ec ur r ent l yfini s hi ngt het r ans l at i onandedi t i ngofanot herbookby t heSwedi s hj our nal i s tKat r i neMar ç al .“ Thet i t l eoft hebooki s‘ WhoCookedAdam Smi t h’ sDi nner ’ and deal swi t h how ec onomi c sdi s r egar dswomen.I t ’ sa c apt i v at i ng i ndept hl ook i nt ot he f emi ni s t ec onomi c s , ”s ay st hec oop’ sc hai r per s on.Anot herbookt hatt hec ooper at i v epl anst opubl i s hi nt he s ummerof2021wi l lbes omet hi ngc ompl et el ydi f f er ent ,ast hec hai r per s ons t at es .“ I ti sac hi l dr en’ s c omi cbookabouts ex . I ti smeantf ort heagegr oupof710, butt her ei snot al kaboutt hebi r dsandt he beesi ni t ,andi tdoesnotc ont ai nanys c i ent i ficex pl anat i onsaboutpr oc r eat i onei t her .I ti sabout i nt er per s onalr el at i onsandr es pec t ,i tf oc us esont her el at i ons hi pwi t hone’ sbody ,ondi v er s i t yand s et t i ngupper s onalboundar i eswheni tc omest ophy s i c alc ont ac t . I t ’ sabookt hatpar ent sorc ar egi v er s s houl dr eadt oget herwi t ht hei rc hi l dr en.Thi st y peofbooki smi s s i ngont heCz ec hbookmar ketand bot h par ent s and or gani s at i ons who wor k wi t ht hi st opi c need a t oolt hatwoul d hel pt hem c ommuni c at ei t .We,bot haspar ent sandpubl i s her s ,dec i dedt or eac houtt ot hem,andwewi l ls ee wher ei tt akesus . ” Mor ei nf or mat i on: ht t ps : / / i deabooks . c z / ht t ps : / / www. f ac ebook. c om/ i deabooks . c z /. 8.

(12) Vegani sm,Cooper at i v i sm andSol i dar i t yunderoneRoof Thes oc i alc ooper at i v eBi s t r oSt ř ec ha,Pr ague Thes oc i alc ooper at i v eBi s t r oSt ř ec ha( TheRoof )wases t abl i s hedi n2017wi t hami s s i ont oempl oy homel es speopl eorpeopl ewi t haper s onalhi s t or yofi nc ar c er at i on–s uc hast hey out hl eav i ngj uv eni l e det ent i onc ent r esorpeopl er el eas edf r om pr i s onsaf t erhav i ngs er v edt hei rs ent enc e–whos ec hanc es ofdec entempl oy mentwoul dot her wi s ebes l i m.Thec ooper at i v er unsav eganr es t aur antandc af éi n t he Ži ž kovnei ghbour hood i nc ent r alPr ague.The r es t aur antal s o pr ov i des c at er i ng s er v i c es .I t c ur r ent l yempl oy sei ghtpeopl eandut i l i s est hehel pofs ev er alv ol unt eer s . 9:T Bi s t r o St ř ec ha oper at es on t hr ee bas i c pr i nc i pl es he fir s ti st he dev el opment of s oc i al ent r epr eneur s hi pi npr ac t i c e.Ass t at edi ni t sby l aws ,atl eas t40% oft hes t af foft hec ooper at i v emus t bepeopl ewhohav eex per i enc edhomel es s nes sorwhohav es er v edapr i s ons ent enc e.I naddi t i ont o pr ov i di ngdec entwor kandr emuner at i on,t heempl oy eesar eof f er edot herhel pandc ouns el l i ngi n findi nghous i ng,debtel i mi nat i onandt hel i ke.Thes uppor tt hatof fic i als oc i alwor ks er v i c espr ov i det o peopl er el eas edf r om pr i s onsordet ent i onc ent r esi sof t enr at herl i mi t edandhenc et heoppor t uni t i es c r eat edbyBi s t r oSt ř ec hamaymean“ anewbegi nni ng”f ors omeoft hem.Ac c or di ngt oi t sby l aws , t he c ooper at i v ei nv es t s67% ofi t spr ofiti nt of ul fil l i ngt hepubl i cbenefitgoal .. Thes ec ondpr i nc i pl ei sc ooper at i v eowner s hi pbutt i est hemember s hi pt oac t i v epar t i c i pat i oni nt he c ooper at i v e' sac t i v i t i es .Themember s hi pi nt hec ooper at i v ei sopent oanyper s onwhowor ksf ort he c ooper at i v easanempl oy eeorav ol unt eer .I npr ac t i c e,i tmeanst hatev er yempl oy eehast heopt i ont o bec omeamemberaf t er6mont hsofbei ngont hes t af foft hec oop.Themember s hi pf eei sl ow( about 40Eur os )t omi ni mi s et heent r ybar r i er .Theby l awsf ur t heres t abl i s ht hepr ov i s i onofequalc ondi t i ons f oral lc oopempl oy eest aki ngi nt oac c ountt hei rs pec i ficneeds ,s uppor tf ort hei rpr of es s i onalgr owt h andf ur t hereduc at i on. Thet hi r dpr i nc i pl ei st hepr omot i onofv egani s m asanenv i r onment al l ys us t ai nabl ef oodal t er nat i v e wi t houtani mals uf f er i ng.Ther es t aur antput sas i gni fic antemphas i sont hequal i t yoff oodi ts er v es . Thec ooper at i v ewant st os how t hatpl ant bas edf oodc anbet as t yandaf f or dabl eandt heydoi t s uc c es s f ul l y .Thepr i c esofmeal sar er eas onabl eandt hef oodqual i t yi sr enowned.Themenuc ons i s t s ofs ev er alt r adi t i onalCz ec hdi s heswhi c hr epl ac eani malpr oduc t swi t hpl ant bas edal t er nat i v eswhi l e mai nt ai ni ngt hei rpopul art as t e. Thec ooper at i v ewasf oundedbys i xpeopl ewhoc amet oget hert hr ought hei rv ar i ousac t i v i t i esi nt he Pr agueal t er nat i v es ubc ul t ur e.Theygott oknoweac hot heri nt hec ommuni t yar oundt heAut onomous s oc i alc ent r eKl i ni ka,whi c hwasc r eat edi n2014byt aki ngov eranunus ed,publ i c l yownedbui l di ngofa f or merr es pi r at or ydi s eas esc l i ni c .Att hatt i me,Kl i ni kawast heonl ys quati nPr ague.Af t ers omet i me t hes quatwasev ent ual l yl egal i s ed,onl yt obeev i c t edbyaut hor i t i ess hor t l yaf t er war ds–i n2019. Bet ween2014and2019,Kl i ni kawasahubf ormanyc i v i cac t i v i t i es . Thec ooper at i v ewasi ns pi r edbyas l i ght l yol derpr oj ec tKuc hař kybezdomov a( TheCooksWi t hout Homes )– a s oc i alent er pr i s e ofhomel es s women es t abl i s hed byt he Jako Doma ( Homel i ke ) or gani s at i on.Bes i dess omemot i v at i ont os t ar tt her es t aur ant ,t hef ounder sofSt ř ec haneededal s o pr of es s i onals ki l l sandt woofi t sf oundi ngmember shadex per i enc ei nt her es t aur antbus i nes s .When pl anni ngt henewbi s t r o’ s“ f ac e” ,t heywant edt odi s t i ngui s ht hems el v esf r om t heal r eadyex i s t i ngof f er ofv eganr es t aur ant swhi c hpr i mar i l yt ar getc us t omer sf r om t hei deol ogi c al l yc l os es ubc ul t ur e.Fr om i t si nc ept i on,Bi s t r oSt ř ec hawant edt obeopenandappeal i ngt oabr oaderr angeofc us t omer s .The i deawast oat t r ac tal s opeopl ewhomi ghthav eobj ec t i onst ov egani s m. Thepr i mar ywayt ogai nawi der s pec t r um ofc us t omer shasbeenpr ov i di ngv eganv ar i at i onsont het r adi t i onalCz ec hc ui s i neand hi ghqual i t ybeerf oraf f or dabl epr i c es .Thec onc eptal s ot ar get st our i s t sl ooki ngf orv eganopt i ons . Mor eov er ,v egani s m hasani mpor t antenv i r onment aldi mens i on.I ti sawel l knownf ac tt hatmeat pr oduc t i onhasas i gni fic ant l yhi gherenv i r onment ali mpac tt hant hepr oduc t i onofpl ant bas edf oodof t hes amenut r i t i onall ev el .Anot hers i gni fic antnegat i v eas pec tofmeatpr oduc t i oni sani mals uf f er i ng, es pec i al l yatf ac t or yf ar ms ,wher ec ur r ent l ymos tmeatpr oduc t i ont akespl ac e.Ther es t aur antpr ef er s l oc als uppl i er s ,whi c hdec r eas est hec ar bonf oot pr i ntoft r ans por t at i onwhi l ehel pi ngmai nt ai nl oc al s us t ai nabi l i t y , andi thasenv i r onment al i s m anc hor eddi r ec t l yi ni t sby l aws .I ngener al , t hebot t om l i ne i st os t r i v et or unt her es t aur antasec ol ogi c al l yaspos s i bl e.. 9. ht t ps : / / www. bi s t r os t r ec ha. c z /. 9.

(13) Att hev er ybegi nni ng,t hec ooper at i v es ec ur edi t ss t ar t upf undst hr oughas uc c es s f ulc r owdf undi ng c ampai gnont heHI THI Tpl at f or m( www. hi t hi t . c z ) .Thec ampai gnr ai s edas i gni fic antamountf ort he l aunc hi ngoft hec oop’ soper at i on:300, 000Cz ec hc r owns( about12, 000Eur o)f r om 600donor s .Thes e donor sal s oc r eat edt hef ut ur ec us t omerbas eoft her es t aur ant , asi twasr eas onabl et oex pec tt hatt he peopl ewhos uppor t edt hepr oj ec twoul dal s ov i s i tt her es t aur ant .Whent heyf ounds ui t abl epr emi s es , t hec ooper at i v emember sr ebui l tt hem byt hems el v es .Thi swayt heyc utdownt hei rr enov at i onc os t s whi l eatt hes amet i mei nf or mi ngt hepubl i cv i as oc i almedi aaboutt hei rwor k,andhenc egai ni ng f ur t hers uppor t er s .Themember sal s oc ont r i but edwi t ht hei rownpr i v at es av i ngsands omef undi ng waspr ov i dedt hr oughdonat i onsf r om t hei rf r i endsandr el at i ons . I ni t i al l y , t hef ounder swer ehes i t antt o ac c eptc or por at ef undi ngandbus i nes sdonor sandev enc ons i der edc r eat i ngac odext or egul at es uc h c ont r i but i ons ,butev ent ual l yr ec ededf r om t hei rpos i t i on–f ori ns t anc e,t heyac c ept edadonat i onf r om TMobi l e. Thusf art hec ooper at i v ehasnotappl i edf oranygr ant s ,ev ent hought heywoul dbeel i gi bl et oget f undi ngai medatt hes oc i algr oupwi t hwhom t hec ooper at i v ewor ks .Thedec i s i onnott oappl yf or gr ant s ,atl eas tf ort het i mebei ng,i sbas edont heex per i enc ewi t ht hei radmi ni s t r at i v ebur denand unc er t ai nout c omes , aswel lasonc onc er nst hatgr ant sar eus ual l yc onnec t edt ol ongt er m obl i gat i ons l i kemai nt ai ni ng s pec i ficwor ki ng pos i t i ons .Thec ooper at i v emember sdonotwantt ol os et hei r dec i s i onmaki ngf r eedom i nc l udi ngt hef r eedom t odi s s ol v et hec ooper at i v ei ft heydec i dedt odoi t . Cur r ent l y ,t hec ooper at i v ehass i xmember s .I t sdec i s i onmaki ngbodi esar et hegener alas s embl yand boar dboar dofdi r ec t or s ,andi ts t r i c t l yobs er v est hepr i nc i pl eof“ onememberonev ot e” .Howev er , dec i s i onmaki ngi snotl i mi t edt oboar dmeet i ngsandt hegener alas s embl y .Al ldec i s i onsaboutt he r es t aur antar emadec ol l ec t i v el y , ont hepr i nc i pl eofequal i t y . Cons ens ualdec i s i onmaki ngi spr ef er r ed. I nc as ec ons ens usi snotr eac hed,anew meet i ngt akespl ac ewher eadec i s i onc anbet akenbya t wot hi r dsmaj or i t y( wi t hatl eas tahal foft hemember spr es ent ) .Thedemoc r at i cl eader s hi poft he c oopi sal s odefinedi nt her i ghtofempl oy eest or egul ar l y( ev er y14day s )pr ov i def eedbac kont he oper at i onsoft heent er pr i s e,andhenc epar t i c i pat ei ni t smanagement . Af t ers omet i me,pr ac t i c alex per i enc ess hownt hati twasdi f fic ul tt oi mpl ementamodeli nwhi c h ev er y onedec i desaboutal li s s uesi npr ac t i c e.Henc e,wor ki nggr oupswer ef or med–eac hr es pons i bl e f oras pec i ficar eaofoper at i on( t hebar , ki t c hen, financ es , ands t af fmanagement ) .Eac hwor ki nggr oup hasonedes i gnat edper s oni nc har ge.St af fmeet i ngsar e,t her ef or e,at t endedmai nl ybyt hepeopl e l eadi ngt hei rr es pec t i v egr oups .Howev er ,t hegener alques t i onsr el at edt ot hef ut ur eheadi ngoft he c ooper at i v ear edi s c us s edc ol l ec t i v el y .Al lkeydec i s i onsr el at edt ot heoper at i onandfinanc i ng–f or ex ampl ewhet herornott ot akeal oan,ar emadeonl ybyt hec ooper at i v emember s . Somemember soft hec ooper at i v eposi ngwi t ht hel ogo.Phot obyBi s t r oSt ř ec ha.. 10.

(14) Gr adual l y ,i tbec ameev i dentt hati twasr at herc hal l engi ngt omai nt ai nt hes amei ni t i almot i v at i onof t hemember s ,andkeept hes amel ev eloft hei rex c i t ement .Manyoft hem s t r uggl edwi t hbur nout ,and i twasnec es s ar yt oc omeupwi t hl es sambi t i ouspl ansandex pec t at i ons .Thec ooper at i v emember s hav e, t her ef or e, s ec ur edex t er nals uppor ti nt hef or m ofs uper v i s i onpr ov i dedonaf r i endl ybas i s , whi c h hel pst hem ov er c omeandpr ev enti nt er nalc onfli c t s . Al s o, t hei ni t i alv i s i ont opr ov i det hei rs t af fnotonl y wi t hgai nf ulempl oy ment ,butal s owi t hi nhous ec ouns el l i ngands oc i als er v i c eshast ur nedoutt obe t ooambi t i ous , es pec i al l ygi v ent hef ac tt hatt hec ooper at i v ec ur r ent l ydoesnothav eenoughfinanc est o hav eaf ul l t i mes oc i alwor keroni t spay r ol l . At t empt st o" par t i al l y "c ar r youts oc i alwor kr ol eal ongs i de ot herdut i espr ov edt obei nef f ec t i v e.Nev er t hel es s ,t hec ooper at i v ewasabl et or es ol v et hi si s s ue ex t er nal l y :t heyf oundf r i endl ynonpr ofits oc i alwor kor gani s at i onswhogi v et hem ahel pi nghand. Themai nc hal l enget hatt hec ooper at i v ef ac esi sfinanc es .Sof art heor gani s at i ondoesnotgener at e s uf fic i entpr ofitt oc ov eral li t snec es s ar yc os t sandex pens es .Thepr i or i t yi st oens ur et hatal l empl oy eeshav et hei rent i r es al ar ypai dandr ec ei v et hei rpay c hec ksont i me.T omeett hi sgoal ,t he c ooper at i v emember sgetonl yhal foft hei rr emuner at i on. As i gni fic antbur deni st hepaper wor kr el at ed t or unni ngt her es t aur ant .I tal s oi nc l udesdeal i ngwi t ht hei s s uesofempl oy eeswhoar ei ndebtand hav et opayl ar geamount sofmoneyorhav et odealwi t hdi s t r ai ntor der s . Atfir s t , t heoper at i onoft her es t aur ant sy i el dedpr omi s i ngr es ul t s , al l owi ngf ort her epay mentofdebt s bef or et he Cov i d19 pandemi c s hi t .The c ooper at i v e had pl ans f or i t sf ur t her ex pans i on and dev el opment . Unf or t unat el y ,t he y ear s 2020 and 2021 br ought about l ongt er m oper at i on 10. Al lr es t aur ant shadt obec l os edf ori ndoordi ni ngf ors ev er almont hsandc oul donl y r es t r i c t i ons s er v ef oodv i adel i v er yort akeaway .I nt hats i t uat i on,t hec ooper at i v edec i dedt hatt hepr i or i t yi st o mai nt ai nj obsf orpeopl e, whi c ht heyac hi ev ed. Ther es t aur ants t ar t edt oof f erf ooddel i v er yandc r eat ed newpos t sf oradr i v erandaper s onmanagi ngonl i neor der s .Thegov er nmentc r i s i sai d,t hr ought he s uppor ts c hemeAnt i v i r ,al s oc ons t i t ut edas i gni fic anthel p. The c ooper at i v e pl anst o find a l ar gers pac et o ex pand i t sc ur r entoper at i on.Fur t her mor e,t he member swantt obui l duponex per i enc esl ear neddur i ngt hepandemi c sandbr oadent hei rc at er i ng s er v i c es . Theywoul dal s ol i ket oenr i c ht hei rpr oduc t i onwi t hdes s er t sandot herpr oduc t sf ors al e. They pl ant ous eonl i neor der i ngt oi nc r eas et hei rof f erands al es .Thec ooper at i v emanagedt os ec ur ea gr antf r om t heVi aFoundat i oni nt endedf ort hedev el opmentofs oc i alent er pr i s es .Theyhav er ec ei v ed financ i alai dandex per tc ons ul t at i on,whi c ht hec ooper at i v ewi l lus et oex pandt hei roper at i ons . St ř ec hai sapl ac ewher et hel oc alc ommuni t yandpeopl ei nt er es t edi net hi c alc ons umpt i on–whohav e apos i t i v ev i ewont hes oc i alec onomyandwhov al ues oc i als ol i dar i t y–c anmeetandnet wor k.Henc e, t hec ooper at i v ec r eat edas c hemet hr oughwhi c hpeopl ec anpayf oramealordr i nkt hatgoest oan unknownper s oni nneed.Wi t houtanyques t i onsas ked,aper s oni nneedc an“ r edeem”t hi sf oodwhen as uf fic i entnumberofmeal shasbeenpr epai d.Sof art hi ss y s t em hasbeenwor ki ngwel l .TheŽi ž kov nei ghbour hoodi safit t i ngpl ac ef ort hi ski ndofpr oj ec t .Thenei ghbour hoodhasal ongt r adi t i onof s ol i dar i t yor gani z i ngandmanyc i v i cac t i v i t i est akepl ac et her e. Thec ooper at i v emember spar t i c i pat ei n publ i cdebat esabouts oc i ali s s uess uc hast hel ac kofs oc i alhous i ng,t hedi r es i t uat i onandr i ght sof peopl ei ndebtandt hel i ke.Themember soft hec ooper at i v eunder s t andt hats oc i alent r epr eneur s hi p c annots ol v es oc i alpr obl emsal one.I tr equi r esas y s t em c hange. Thec ooper at i v epur pos ef ul l ybui l dsi t sc ol l abor at i onwi t hbus i nes s eswi t hs i mi l arv al uesandai ms , es pec i al l ywi t hot herc ooper at i v es–f orex ampl e, t hebeert heys el li smadebyt hec ooper at i v ebr ewer y Pout ní k, c of f eei sf r om t heFai r &Bi oc ooper at i v er oas t er yandt hel i ke. Manyl i kemi ndedor gani s at i ons hol dmeet i ngsi nt her es t aur antoror dert hei rc at er i ngf r om i t .St ř ec hai soneoft hebes tknown" new c ooper at i v es "whi c har enotl i nkedwi t ht hepr ev i oust ot al i t ar i anr egi meandv i ewedt hr ought hepr i s m ofs us pi c i on,orofpr ej udi c eagai ns tt hec ooper at i v emov ement .Thi ss uc c es s f ulor gani s at i oni ns pi r es andmot i v at est hec r eat i onofot hers oc i alandc ooper at i v eent er pr i s es . ei nf or mat i on: Mor ht t ps : / / www. bi s t r os t r ec ha. c z / ht t ps : / / www. f ac ebook. c om/ Bi s t r oSt r ec ha/. 10. Nor mal l y ,t her es t aur antwasopens i xday saweek( Monday–Sat ur day )f r om 10: 00t o23: 00.. 11.

(15) CASESFROM HUNGARY. 12.

(16) Soc i alandSol i dar i t yEc onomyi nHungar y TheHungar i ans oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomys ec t ori ss t i l lr at hers mal lwi t honl ys ev er aldoz ensof ac t i v eor gani s at i ons .Theyei t herhav eanof fic i all egals t at ust hatf al l si nt ot hec at egor yoft hes oc i al ands ol i dar i t yec onomy ,ort hei roper at i oni sbas edont hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomypr i nc i pl es . Howev er , manyoft he“ of fic i als oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomy ”or gani s at i onsdonoti npr ac t i c eadher et o t hes epr i nc i pl es ;t heyj us tus et hi sor gani s at i onalf or matwi t houtget t i ngt ot hees s enc eoft hec onc ept . . c or di ngt oHungar i anl awsandr egul at i ons ,t hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyor gani s at i onsar enot Ac el i gi bl ef oranyt axr educ t i onsorr ebat eswhi c hwoul dac knowl edget hepos i t i v eef f ec toft hei rwor kon t he f abr i c ofs oc i et y oron t he env i r onment .They f al lundert he s ame c at egor y as f or pr ofit or gani s at i ons ,t hes er v i c et heydof ort hewel l bei ngofs oc i et yandt heenv i r onmenti snott akeni nt o ac c ount .Thei s s uest y pi c al l yaddr es s edbyt hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyor gani s at i onsar enot pr i or i t i esi nt he c ur r entl egi s l at i on and pol i t i c s .Env i r onment alas pec t sar es ubor di nat ed t ot he i nt er es t sofi ndus t r i alagr i c ul t ur e,ands oc i alpol i c i esandpr ov i s i onofs oc i als er v i c esar edefined t hr ought hec onc eptofwor kbas eds oc i et y . Mor eov er , s omepol i c i esaf f ec t i ngs oc i alc ooper at i v esev enc ont r adi c tt hec ooper at i v epr i nc i pl es . Soc i al c ooper at i v esar eobl i gedt ohav eei t heral oc algov er nment ,ami nor i t ys el f gov er nmentorabi g nat i onwi dec har i t yor gani s at i onamongt hei rmember s . Thes ear el egalper s ons , whoc annotwor kf or t he c ooper at i v e as nat ur alper s ons ,and i fa s t ar t i ng c ooper at i v ei s unabl et oi nc l ude a l oc al gov er nmentorfindac har i t yor gani s at i ont obec omeamember ,i tc annotbel egal l yes t abl i s hed.Ev en i fas oc i alc ooper at i v ehasal egalper s onasi t smember , t hi sr equi r ementc anl at ergi v et hem t oomuc h poweri nt hedec i s i onmaki ngpr oc es s :i ft heyl eav et heor gani s at i on,i tc annotc ont i nuei t soper at i on. Thus , t heaut onomyandi ndependenc eofc ooper at i v esi snots ec ur edandt hedemoc r at i cc ont r olbyi t s member sc anal s obej eopar di s ed.A s oc i alc ooper at i v ehast oc hoos ebet weenadher i ngt or eal c ooper at i v epr i nc i pl esormeet i ngt heobl i gat i onsr equi r edbyt hel aw.. 13.

(17) ASol i dar i t yResponset ot heHousi ngCr i si s TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ypr oj ec toft heUt c ár ólLakás baas s oc i at i on,Budapes t TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ypr oj ec thasbeendes i gnedands t ar t edbyaHungar i anas s oc i at i onUt c ár ól Lakás ba( Fr om St r eett oHomes ) .I ti st hefir s tor gani s at i oni nHungar yt hati mpl ement edt heHous i ng Fi r s tappr oac hi ni nanat t emptt ot ac kl ehomel es s nes s .Af t ers ev er aly ear sofs uc c es s f ulc ooper at i on wi t hl oc almuni c i pal i t i es ,Ut c ár ólLakás badev el opedpi oneer i ngs oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomymodel s f ormor eef fic i entpr ov i s i onofs oc i alhous i ng. Hungar yhasbeenex per i enc i ngahous i ngc r i s i sandnov i abl epubl i cpol i c ys ol ut i onsar ei npl ac et o addr es si t .Thepr ofit or i ent edl ogi coft hec api t al i s tmar keti soneoft hemai nf ac t or sc aus i ngand r ei nf or c i ngt hepr obl em.Ev ent hought heoper at i onoft hes y s t em i st her ootc aus eofmanys oc i al pr obl ems ,i ti snots uppos edt obet het as koft he“ mar ketac t or s ”t ot ac kl eandr es ol v et hem,orev en t ot aket hem i nt oc ons i der at i on.Theex i s t i ngi ns t i t ut i ons ,or gani s at i ons ,s er v i c es ,orpr oj ec t si nt ended t oaddr es st hes epr obl emsar eof t enunder f undedorar edependentonex t er nalgr ants c hemesor i r r egul ars uppor tofc or por at edonor s ,andv ar i ousi nt er es t sr el at edt ot hem.Henc e,t hec ont i nui t yof manys oc i als er v i c esdependsont hewi l lofpol i t i c i ansors pons or s ,andi ns omec as es ,t henat ur eof pr ov i ded s er v i c es i si nfluenc ed byt hem.The or gani s at i ons maynothav e enough pr of es s i onal aut onomyt os us t ai nanddev el opt hei roper at i on. I ti st her ef or eev i dentt hatnei t hert hemar ketnort he s t at eandi t si ns t i t ut i onsc anov er c omet hehous i ngc r i s i ss uc c es s f ul l yandi nas us t ai nabl emanner . Thi sc r eat esas pac e,ormor epr ec i s el y ,c al l sf oranewappr oac h,bas edont hepr i nc i pl esoft hes oc i al ands ol i dar i t yec onomy . The Soc i alHous i ng Agenc y pr ov i des hous i ng mar kets er v i c es f or r eales t at e owner s whi l e, s i mul t aneous l y ,s t r i v i ngt oaddr es st hel ac kofaf f or dabl ehous i ngoppor t uni t i esf orl owi nc omepeopl e orpeopl ei nadi f fic ul tfinanc i als i t uat i onwhomi ghtbeatr i s kofhomel es s nes s .Themai ngoali snot max i mi s at i onofpr ofitatanyc os t ,ev enbyt aki ngadv ant ageofs oc i ali nequal i t i esorunequalpower r el at i onsoft hehous i ngmar ket .Her es oc i als ol i dar i t y ,s us t ai nabi l i t y ,andt hec r eat i onoft r us tar eas i mpor t antout c omesofec onomi ct r ans ac t i onsasanyr es ul t i ngfinanc i algai n.Thes c hemeby pas s es r egul arpat t er nsand pr oc edur esi nl andl or ds t enant sr el at i ons“ pr es c r i bed”byt he mai ns t r eam mar ketappr oac hbas edonmi s t r us tbet weenpr oper t yowner sandt hei rt enant s .I ti sac ommon pr ac t i c et hatr ent er sar eobl i gedt opayas ec ur i t ydepos i tatt het i meofs i gni ngal eas eonaflator hous e.Thedepos i tt y pi c al l yequal sat womont hsr ent ,whi c hmeanst hatpeopl ec anr entaflatonl yi f t heyi mmedi at el yhav eanadequat eamountofmoneyatt hei rdi s pos al .Thi sappr oac hc r eat esahi gh t hr es hol df orl owi nc omet enant s , orpeopl ei nfinanc i aldi f fic ul t i es , t oac c es sdec enthous i ng, andt hei r i ns ol v enc yi sof t ent hec aus eofmi s t r us tont hepar tofowner s ,whoar eaf r ai dt heywoul di nc ur financ i all os s es i ft he pr oper t yi s damaged or i ft he t enantl eav es wi t h unpai d bi l l s .Thes e ov er s ec ur ed”mar ketpr ac t i c esf or c eev ent hos epr oper t yowner swhodonotwantt ot akeadv ant age “ oft hei rpos i t i onont hemar ketasl andl or dst oappl yt hem andpl aybyt hes er ul es . The Soc i alHous i ng Agenc yent er st hi ss y s t em asa new ac t ort o es t abl i s h a di f f er entt y pe of r el at i ons hi pbet weenpr oper t yowner sandt hei rt enant s .I tpr ov i desguar ant eesandes t abl i s hesa s y s t em ofs ec ur i t i est hatbui l dst r us tbet weent hepar t i es .Thust hes t r at egi esbas edonmi s t r us tc an ber epl ac edbyanappr oac hands y s t em t hati sbas edont r us tands ol i dar i t y . Thes y s t em i ss etupt oac c ommodat et heneedsofal li nv ol v edpar t i es : TheUt c ár ólLakás baas s oc i at i onget si nc ont ac twi t hhomeowner swhodonotf or es ee us i ngt hei rpr oper t yf oral ongerper i od–opt i mal l yatl eas tf or3y ear s .Theas s oc i at i on s i gnsac ont r ac twi t ht hem v i awhi c hi tbec omesamanagi ngagenc yoft hepr oper t y . I tfinds t enant s ,whi l et aki ngi nt oac c ountt hei rs oc i als i t uat i on,andguar ant eest hatt heowner get safix edr entev eni ft hepl ac ei snotr ent edf ors omet i me. Ther ent alpr i c ei s20% l ower t hant heav er agemar ketpr i c e. c ár ólLakás bat akesov err es pons i bi l i t yf orkeepi ngt hepr oper t yi nagoodc ondi t i onand Ut f orr enov at i ngi tbef or er ent i ngi tt oat enant .Thi si sanex c el l entoppor t uni t yf ort hos ewho wantt or entoutt hei rflat s ,butdonothav eenoughfinanc est or enov at et hem t obeabl et o putt hem outont hemar ket . Wi t ht hi sopt i on, ev ent hedec r eas edr ent alpr i c ei sagooddeal f ort hem. Theas s oc i at i onc hoos est enant sands t ay si nt ouc hwi t ht hem;t hepr oper t yowner sdonot hav et oc ommuni c at ewi t ht hei rt enant s , t heydonotknoweac hot her . Thei ronl yr el at i oni s wi t ht hehous i ngagenc y .I ff oranyr eas onat enanthast ol eav et heflat ,Ut c ár ólLakás ba l ooksf oranew oneandpay st her entt ot heowneral s odur i ngt heper i odwhent he. 14.

(18) pr oper t yi sempt y . c ár ólLakás bat akesc ar eofal lnec es s ar yadmi ni s t r at i v ei s s uesr el at edt ot hepr oper t y Ut andi t smanagement .Al lut i l i t yc ont r ac t sar et r ans f er r edt ot henameoft henew t enant , whi c h pr ov i des t he owner s wi t h mor es ec ur i t yand pl ac es t he r es pons i bi l i t yofbi l l pay ment sont het enant s .I nt ur n,t het enantc anof fic i al l yr egi s t eratt hepr oper t yaddr es s , andhav ei tasanaddr es sont hei rI Dc ar d. Thi si sani mpor t ants t epbec aus et het enantc an appl yf ors oc i als er v i c espr ov i ded byt he l oc almuni c i pal i t y .Al s o,wi t houtan of fic i al addr es s ,i ti sdi f fic ul tt ofind ar egul arj ob orr es ol v eadmi ni s t r at i v ei s s ueswi t ht he aut hor i t i es . Soc i alwor ki spr ov i dedf ort enant st os uppor tt hem i nmanagi ngt hei rl i f eandhous i ng, f os t er i nggoods t r at egi esf ors t abi l i s i ngt hei rs i t uat i onandens ur i ngt hatt heyav oi dt he danger sofs l i ppi ngbac ki nt oamor euns t abl ehous i ngs i t uat i on. Ut c ár ólLakás ba,i nc ooper at i on wi t ht he Muni c i pal i t yofBudapes t ,pl ay sa c r uc i alr ol ei nt he dev el opmentofac i t y wi des oc i alhous i ngmodel .Themodelups c al est hec ur r entSoc i alHous i ng Agenc ypr oj ec t . I t sdes i gnus esev i denc ebas edmet hodol ogyandr es ear c hdat agat her edandpr ac t i c al knowl edgeac qui r edf r om t hei mpl ement at i onofUt c ár ólLakás ba’ sSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ypr oj ec tona s mal ls c al e.Thepr oj ec thasbeengr ant edf undsf r om t heEur opeanSoc i alCat al y s tFund.Bes i des Ut c ár ólLakás ba,t hepr oj ec tpar t ner s hi pi nc l udesar es ear c hi ns t i t ut eandanor gani s at i onsf r om abr oadwi t hex per i enc ei nl ar ger s c al es oc i alhous i ngpr oj ec t s .Theex per t i s eofUt c ár ólLakás bai sa keyel ementi nt hedev el opmentoft hemuni c i palpl ani nwhi c h, bes i desflat sownedbypr i v at eper s ons , flat sownedbyt hemuni c i pal i t yandal s obybus i nes s esar ei nc l uded. Thi ss oc i alhous i ngagenc ymodel i sc onnec t edt oot herur bandev el opmentpr oj ec t sandhous er enov at i onf unds . Ut c ár ólLakás bai sanongov er nment alor gani s at i on.I thasaboar dwi t ht woc oc hai r sandmor et han 10empl oy ees .Ther ear e23per manentv ol unt eer sands ev er alot her shel pwi t hr enov at i onwor ksand ot hers pec i fict as ks ,l i kewebs i t emanagement .Thedec i s i onmaki ngpr oc es soft heor gani s at i oni sas hor i z ont alasi tc anbe;i ti sademoc r at i cor gani s at i ons eeki ngmodesofoper at i oni nwhi c hempl oy ees c an i nfluenc et hei r wor ki ng c ondi t i ons . Subs i di ar i t y and par t i c i pat i on i n dec i s i ons ar et he c or ner s t ones .Longer t er ms t r at egi esoft heor gani s at i onar edes i gneddur i ngi nt ens i v e3day l ong s t r at egi cr et r eat satwhi c hal lmember soft hec ommuni t yc anc hanneli nt hei rv al ues , c r eat i v i t y , i deas , needsandc ont r i but i ons . Theor gani s at i onals t r uc t ur ec ons i s t soft eamsdeal i ngwi t hs pec i fict as ks :as oc i alwor ker st eam, t ec hni c alt eam, f undr ai s i ngt eam, c ommuni c at i ont eam, war ehous emanagementt eam, s oc i alhous i ng agenc yt eam, t heof fic e. Ther ear eweekl ymeet i ngsoft hewhol eas s oc i at i onatwhi c hr es pec t i v et eams r epor tont hei rwor kandi s s ues ,andatwhi c hdec i s i onsaf f ec t i ngt hewhol eor gani s at i onar et aken. TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yt eam i sani nt egr alpar tofUt c ár ólLakás bar es pons i bl ef oral li s s ues r el at edt ot hec ur r ent l ymanaged7hous es ,r ec r ui t i ngnewflatowner si nt ot hepr ogr amme,andal s o f orups c al i ngoft hepr oj ec ti nc ooper at i onwi t ht heMuni c i pal i t yofBudapes t .Thet eam i t s el fhasan i nnerdemoc r at i cdec i s i onmaki ng pr oc es st hati si nt egr at ed i nt he ov er al ls t r uc t ur e ofUt c ár ól Lakás ba.Ac c or di ngt of ut ur epl ans ,t heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ywi l lbec omeas epar at eent i t y . Themai nandmos ti mpor t antt ar getgr oupi speopl el i v i ngi nhous i ngpov er t y ,whoar eatr i s kof homel es s nes s .Manyoft hes epeopl ef ac edi s c r i mi nat i onwhent heywantt or entaflatont her egul ar mar ketev eni ft heyar enoti nt hewor s tl i f es i t uat i on.I nt hi sc as e,ev eni ft heywoul dbeabl et o ov er c omet hec hal l engeofr ent i ngaflat( andpr ov i di ngt het r i pl eoft hemont hl yf eeatonc e)t heyar e ex c l uded.Thewhol eoper at i onofUt c ár ólLakás bas er v est hei rneeds ,whi l epr ot ot y pi ngpr ogr ammes whi c hc anbeappl i edbyot heror gani s at i onsandi ns t i t ut i ons–t heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yi soneofs uc h pr ogr ammes .I nt heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ys y s t em,t heowner sc annoti mpos ec ondi t i onsont he t enant s .Ont her ent almar ket ,duet owi des pr eadr ac i alpr ej udi c e,t heowner sus ual l yr ef us et or ent t hei rpr oper t yt oRomapeopl e,maki ngi tal mos ti mpos s i bl ef orRomast or entaflat .Theyal s ot endt o ex c l udef ami l i eswi t hs mal lc hi l dr en.I nt heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc y , f ami l i esar epr ef er r edt enant s .The Soc i alHous i ngAgenc ys t r i v esf oras oc i al l yj us ts y s t em byel i mi nat i ngt hedi s c r i mi nat or ypr ac t i c es c ommoni nt hepr i v at er ent als ec t or . Anot heri mpor t antt ar getgr oupar et hos eflatowner swhowantt or entoutt hei rflatandhav eawi der wor l dv i ewands etofv al uest hant os ol el yai mf ort hehi ghes tpos s i bl egai nf r om t hi st r ans ac t i on. They s eef ur t herahead,ar emor ec ons c i ousands oc i al l yr es pons i bl e,andf eels ol i dar i t ywi t ht hos ewho pos s esl es st hant heydo. Fort hem, anal t er nat i v et ot hemai ns t r eam r ent almar keti spr ov i dedt hr ough whi c hs ol i dar i t yc anbeex er c i s edi nas af eenv i r onment .. 15.

(19) Al t hought hepr ogr ammedoesnotdi r ec t l yt ar getenv i r onment ali s s ues ,i thass omei ndi r ec tef f ec t s . Thepl ani st ohel pt her ent er st os t ar tus i ngappr opr i at eheat i ngs ol ut i onsandf uel . I tdoesnotappl yt o t hec ur r entflat soft heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yast heyt y pi c al l yhav egasheat i ngbuti ti sagener al pol i c yf ort he f ut ur e.When r enov at i ng t he flat s ,t he Soc i alHous i ng Agenc yai ms att he mos t ener gy ef fic i entandenv i r onment al l yf r i endl ys ol ut i onst hatt hephy s i c alc ondi t i onsoft heflatand financ i als i t uat i onal l ow.I nups c al i ngt hei deaandpr epar i ngas oc i alhous i ngagenc ymodelf ort he muni c i pal i t yofBudapes t ,env i r onment alas pec t sar ei nt egr at edi nt ot hec onc ept .Ast hi si sal ar ger s c al epl anofac i t ygov er nment ,andnotj us tofas mal lNGO,newpos s i bi l i t i esc anbei nc l uded.Oneof t hes ei st hati twi l lbec onnec t edt omuni c i palr enov at i on f undst hatal r eadyhav ei nc ent i v esf or env i r onment al l yf r i endl yc ons t r uc t i ons ol ut i ons . TheUt c ár ólLakás baas s oc i at i onwases t abl i s hedi n2014.TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yc onc eptwas des i gnedaf t ery ear sofs uc c es s f ulpr ov i s i onofs oc i alr ent aloppor t uni t i esf orr oughs l eeper sbas edon t hepr i nc i pl esoft hehous i ngfir s tappr oac hi nc ooper at i onwi t hl oc almuni c i pal i t i es .Thi si ni t s el fi sa pi oneer i ng wor k;Ut c ár ólLakás ba was t he fir s tt oi mpl ements uc h a pr oj ec tpr ov i di ng r eal oppor t uni t i esf orendi nghomel es s nes s . I nas s oc i at i on’ sHut st oHomespr ogr amme,s ev er aldi s t r i c t sofBudapes tar ei nv ol v edandc ooper at e. Theyfinddi l api dat edhous esf orUt c ár ólLakás ba,andt heas s oc i at i onr enov at est hem wi t ht hehel pof v ol unt eer sandf ut ur er es i dent s .Theyar es el ec t edbyt hes oc i alwor ker sofUt c ár ólLakás baf r om appl i c ant st hatl i v ei n hut s on t he t er r i t or yoft he di s t r i c t .Thei rt r ans i t i on f r om t he s t at e of homel es s nes st oi nhabi t ant sofadec enthomei sgui dedbyt hes oc i alwor ker swhohel pt hem wi t hal l c hal l engerr el at edt ot hi smov e–f r om i nt er pr et i ngof fic i all et t er st os uppor ti nfindi ngj obs ,deal i ng wi t ht heaut hor i t i esandnei ghbour s .Al s o,t her ear emanyunf or es eenobs t ac l est hatc oul dc aus et hat peopl emays l i pbac kt ohomel es s nes swi t houts uc hs uppor t .Thi spr ogr ammet ar get sonet hemos t v ul ner abl egr oupofhomel es speopl et hos ewhol i v ei ns el f madehut s .Butt her ear eot hert y pesof hous i ngc r i s esandot hert y pesoft hehomel es s , f orex ampl et hos ewhol i v ei nhomel es ss hel t er sc oul d notappl yf ort hi spr ogr amme.Theot herc ons t r ai nti st henumberofhous espr ov i dedbyt hedi s t r i c t s ; 45hous esar epr ov i dedeac hy ear .Thi spr ogr ammei sac ons t anti nt hewor koft heUt c ár ólLakás ba, butt heyf el tt heneedt oi nc r eas et hei rs c opeofac t i onandc apac i t ybyi mpl ement i ngnewappr oac hes anddes i gni ngnewpr oj ec t s . Houser enov at i on.Phot obyUt c ár ólLakásba.. 16.

(20) Thefir s tmodelt heyi mpl ement edwast heMobi l eHous epr ogr amme.I twast hefir s tec onomi c i ni t i at i v eoft heUt c ár ólLakás baas s oc i at i on.Thes c hemewasc odes i gnedbys t udent smaj or i ngi n ec onomi c sandex per t sf r om t heMc Ki ns ey &Company .I ti sas oc i ali nv es t ments c hemewher et he i nv es t orbuy samobi l ehous ewhi c hi spl ac edont hepr oper t yoft heas s oc i at i on( boughtmai nl yf r om donat i ons ) .Thenf r om t hemont hl yr ent alf eeoft het enant s ,t hei nv es t orr egai nst hei nv es t menti na 10y ear st er m,ev en wi t hi nt er es t s .Af t ert hi si nv es t mentper i od,t hemobi l ehous ebec omest he pr oper t yoft heas s oc i at i on. Thei nv es t orc ans uppor tanot hers oc i alc aus east hef undswer enots pent , Ut c ár ólLakás baget sahous eandmeanwhi l e,dec enthous i ngoppor t uni t ywasgi v ent oaf ami l ywho henc eav oi dedhomel es s nes s .TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ygr ewoutoft heMobi l eHous epr oj ec tandi t hasi nt egr at edi t .Atpr es ent ,t heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yc ons i s t sofflat sownedbypr i v at eper s onsand t hemobi l ehous esoft hepr ogr ammemanagedbyt heas s oc i at i on. Thef ac tt hati nt hi ss y s t em t hes t akehol der sc anmakel onger t er m pl ansmakest hes c hememor e pr edi c t abl e,mor er es i l i entt oc hangesc aus edbyanyunf or es eenc i r c ums t anc es .Thet enant sar enot ex pos edt os uddent er mi nat i onoft hec ont r ac t ,hav i ngt ol ookf oranew pl ac et omov e.Fort he homeowner ,t her ent alf eei sguar ant eedev eni ft her ei snot enanti nt hehous et empor ar i l y .Thi s pr ov i desmor epr edi c t abl egr oundsev eni nunpr edi c t abl es i t uat i onsofanyki nd. aki ngi nt oc ons i der at i ont heCov i d19pandemi c ,t her ear eal s opos i t i v eas pec t s .Thehomeownerand T t het enantdonothav et omeet ,t hes oc i alwor ker swhoar ei nc ont ac twi t ht het enant sar ev ac c i nat ed andwear i ngf ac emas ks . Al otoft hec ont ac t swer et empor ar i l yc onduc t edbyt el ephone. Thes epol i c i es r educ et hec hanc esofi nf ec t i on.Thepandemi cal s ohadapos i t i v ei mpac tont hemar ketasAi r bnb pr ac t i c al l ydi s appear ed, al ongwi t ht heupwar def f ec tonpr i c es .Thi smakest heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc y mor eat t r ac t i v et ohomeowner s . Thepl ansar et os t r engt henandex t endt hepr oj ec tbyi nv ol v i ngmor eflat si nt hepr ogr amme. Thi si san ec onomi cac t i v i t y–bas edont hes oc i alands ol i dar i t yec onomyc onc ept s–whi c hi si nt endedt obe ex pandedast hec i r c ums t anc esandt hemar ketmakei tpos s i bl e.Howev er ,att hemomenti ti sbei ng i mpl ement edbyanonpr ofitor gani s at i onwhos el onger t er m goali ss l ow downi t sgr owt haf t era c er t ai npoi ntandnott oex pandov erac er t ai nnumberofc l i ent s .Bec aus eoft hes et wooppos i t e t endenc i es , t her ewi l lbeapoi nti nt hef ut ur ewher et hes et woac t i v i t i esmayneedt of or mt wos epar at e l egalent i t i es .TheSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ydepar t mentoft heUt c ár ólLakás baas s oc i at i onc anl at er bec omeas epar at eor gani s at i on,as oc i alent er pr i s e,t hatwoul dbeabl et ogr owf ur t her . Themai npr obl em oft hehous i ngs ec t ori nHungar yi st hatt her ei sbas i c al l ynos oc i alr ent alhous i ng s y s t em,flat sownedbymuni c i pal i t i esandt hes t at ec ons t i t ut ej us tas mal lper c ent ageoft het ot al numberofflat s .Nos oc i alhous i ngi sbei ngbui l t .Thi si soneoft hef ac t or sex ac er bat i ngt hehous i ng c r i s i s ,andi tput speopl ef r om v ul ner abl es oc i algr oupsatr ealr i s kofhomel es s nes s .Ont heonehand, t hi ss i t uat i onj us t i fiest heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yc onc ept , ont heot herhand, i tc r eat esahugedemand whi c hapi oneer i ngpr oj ec tdefini t el yc annotmeet .As mal lNGOc anonl ypr ot ot y pes ol ut i onsf ora c ount r y wi depr obl em,andpr ov et hei rpot ent i al .Thel es s onsl ear nedandev i denc egat her edc oul dbe abas ef ornat i onalpol i c i es ,andi nc ent i v est oef f ec t i v el yhandl et hehous i ngc r i s i s . Anot hermor ec onc r et el egi s l at i onbar r i erf ort heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc yi st hatf orhomeowner st ax es ar eadet er r ent .I nt hec ur r entr ent alhous i ngmar ket ,t hebl ac kec onomyhasabi gs har e,ass ome owner spr ef ert oav oi dt hec ur r ent15% t axoni nc omef r om t her ent .I fs omebodydec i dest or entout t hei rpr oper t yt hr ought heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc y ,ev er y t hi nghast obel egal .I nt hi sway ,t heyhav et o payt het ax ,bes i desget t i nga20% l owerr ent alpr i c ec ompar edt ot hemar ket .Lawst hatwoul denabl e t her educ t i onoft ax esf ort heowner swhor entoutt hei rhous esv i at heSoc i alHous i ngAgenc ywoul d i nc r eas epeopl e’ swi l l i ngnes st opar t i c i pat ei ns uc hpr ogr ammes . Mor ei nf or mat i on: ht t ps : / / ut c ar ol l akas ba. hu/ about us /. 17.