Content
• Basics
• Science
• History of Technology
• Famous inventors and scientists
• Nobel prices
Basics
• Science - is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.
• Technology - is the sum of any techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation
Science
Types of science:
• Biology - deals with living organisms and their vital processes
• Chemistry - covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions
• Physics - deals with the structure of matter and how the fundamental constituents of the universe interact
Science
What kind of equipment do scientists use?
- bunsen burner
- microscopes
- calorimeters
- reagent bottles
- beakers
History of Technology
Lower Paleolithic:
- this period lasted over 3 million years Inventions:
- 2.3 Mya: Earliest likely control of fire and cooking (by Homo habilis) - 1.76 Mya: Advanced stone tools in Kenya (by Homo erectus)
- 400-300 kya: Spears in Germany
History of Technology
Middle Paleolithic:
- The dawn of Homo sapiens around 300 kya coincides with the start of the Middle Paleolithic period.
Inventions:
- 200 kya: Glue in Central Italy (by Neanderthals)
- 90 kya: Harpoons in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 70-60 kya: Oldest arrows and oldest needle, at Sibudu, South Africa
History of Technology
Upper Paleolithic:
- 50 kya has been regarded by some as the beginning of behavioral modernity Inventions:
- 45 kya: Shoes in Eurasia
- 43.7 kya: Cave painting in Indonesia - 28 kya: Rope
- 26 kya: Ceramics in Europe
History of Technology
• Neolithic:
- During the Neolithic period, lasting 8400 years, stone remained the predominant material for toolmaking
Inventions:
- 7000 BC: Alcohol fermentation in China - 4400 BC: Fired bricks in China
- 4000–3500 BC: Wheel: wheeled vehicles in Mesopotamia - 3400-3100 BC: Tattoos in southern Europe
History of Technology
Bronze age:
- The Bronze Age is taken as a 2000-year long period starting in 3300 BC and ending in 1300 BC
Inventions:
3000 BC: Bronze in Mesopotamia
3000 BC: Sea-going ships by Austronesians 3000-2560 BC: Papyrus in Egypt
History of Technology
Iron Age:
Inventions:
- 1300 BC: Iron smelting - 700 BC: Saddle
- 650 BC: Crossbow in China - 500 BC: Lighthouse in Greece
History of Technology
Classical antiquity and medieval era:
Inventions:
- 485 BC: Catapult in Magadha, India.
- 3rd century BC: Water wheel
- By 50 AD: Flamethrowers by the Early Cholas of Southern India - 4th century: Fishing reel in Ancient China
- 9th century: Gunpowder in Tang Dynasty China
Johannes Gutenberg
• was a German inventor, printer, publisher, and goldsmith Invention:
- Printer (In 1450) – first printed thing was Bible
Leonardo da Vinci
• was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance
• painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor and architect
• Inventions and science
- Anatomy of the human body - A design for a flying machine - Fighting vehicle (Tank)
Edward Jenner
• an British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines including creating the smallpox vaccine, the world's first ever vaccine
Invention:
- Vaccination (In 1796)
Horace Wells
• an American dentist who pioneered the use of anesthesia in dentistry, specifically nitrous oxide
Invention:
- Anesthesia (In 1844)
John Vincent Atanasoff
• an American physicist and inventor, best known for being credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer
Invention:
- Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) (In 1939)
Alexander Graham Bell
• Scottish-born inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone
Invention:
- Telephone (In 1876)
Thomas Edison
• an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor
Inventions:
- Electric power generation (In 1879) - Mass communication
- Sound recording
Karl Friedrich Benz
• was a German engine designer and automotive engineer
• Benz Patent Motorcar Invention:
- First automobile
Albert Einstein
• was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time
• mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2
• 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel prizes in Science
• It is named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer and inventor.
• Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace
• First award was given in 1901 to Wilhelm Roentgen for physics Some of Nobel prize winners:
Marie Curie - Physicist and chemist, first woman to win Nobel prize and first person to win Nobel prize twice (In 1903 and 1911)
Jaroslav Heyrovský – Czech chemist (In 1959) Albert Einstain – In Physics
