Theoretical cognition

By applying processes in the theoretical field, theories are created, which are developed; consequences are derived from them which are used for explaining the past reality and aimed at explaining the possible evolution of the future

reality. “Practical” consequences are also derived from them considering the possibilities of human action. There were used the following methods:

1. Inference is logical procedure which we use to deduce a sentence from other sentences is generally named “deduction” or “inference”. This method is applied in the whole dissertation. The theory of cognition involves two basic types or inferences, and that the inductive and the deductive reasoning.

2. Induction is mostly characterized as the type of deduction involving generalized conclusions drawn from knowledge about details. It is considered to be the basic constitutive element or a manner of theoretical cognition; i.e. we only experience unique events and, therefore, only through induction we are able to draw any other conclusions than those really experienced or shared by showing unique events of our life. In a narrower interpretation, the induction is considered the cognition based on empirical facts, and/or standing for a transition from empirics to theory. Induction process was used for chapters about analysis of fiscal effectiveness of investment incentives, influx of FDI, and in the conclusion formulation based of comparation particular types of investment incentives abroad.

3. Deduction is traditionally compared to the induction, because the deduction is a process opposite to the induction method. It is a process of reasoning which leaves the general principle for a special or unique cause. The ability of deductive judgment is considered a definitional characteristics; it is able to transfer the truth from the premise to the conclusion. The deduction is based on previous induction. Complex processes of reasoning always form the chain of deduction in which both types of conclusions are closely tangled and complementing each other.

This method is implemented in parts related with the issue of domestic and foreign literature concerning evolution of opinions related with FDI.

4. Description is a basic method which enables to exactly describe issues, phenomena and the reality. It is a necessary prerequisite for scientific research, because it enables to exactly define and to characterize the investigated issue. It is above all necessary to specify the basic line for the author and also for the readers and to make them understand the examined phenomenon, and that through its definition and involvement in the structure of a wide scale of information on the given issue. Description was applied in the programme of investment incentives and support in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. This method was penetrated in the whole dissertation.

5. Classification is another important instrument for the scientific work.

Without, it would be impossible to orient oneself in the huge amount

of information, knowledge, experience and technical solutions. It is the intellectual division of subjects and phenomena into groups and subgroups depending on their mutual accordance and on their differences.

The classification enables to concentrate on the preferred interests and liberates a reader from browsing and checking all the information available. Classification was used in the analysis of current offer of investment incentives in the Czech republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. This method was implemented in analysis of FDI because of classification into groups from regional, industrial, etc.

6. Abstraction and classification. In the first place the abstraction comprises a reduction of the reality only to some of its aspects, elements, properties and connections. The basis of this method is the way of thinking during which we – in our imagination - omit many obvious but not so important individual and accidental features or properties of a subject and only concentrate on the most important part. Abstraction has an universal character within creative activities, as each step of reasoning is connected with this process or with the use of its result. These methods were used in the macroeconomic analysis. Many factors were omitted and the point was focused on the most important macroeconomic indicators, especially unemployment and GDP. These methods are used by displaying the reality especially by tabs and maps showing limited number of characteristic of researched issue.

7. Analysis implies the intellectual and methodical segmentation of the examined subject into the individual parts, aspects, levels, layers, links,

“points of view” together with the application of contexts specific for each of these segmentations, and application of procedures which enable to articulate a “new” partial characteristic of the given part. Together with this segmentation and articulation, this analysis deals with the relations between the specified parts. This method was used very frequently. Firstly in the theoretical part by the description and comparation of the legal frame for providing public support in the regions in the Czech Republic.

Research related to the opinions of FDI and investment incentives brought analysis of individual scientific opinions on this issue. Using of this method is evident in chapters related with the research about influx of FDI in to the Czech Republic and following comparison with the state of issue in the middle Europe. Lastly, it was implemented the evalution of fiscal effectiveness of investment incentives.

8. In contrast to the analysis, the synthesis is the intellectual incorporation of parts of subjects or phenomena; it is the intellectual incorporation of its characteristics, properties or features, and that between the individual parts and also in relation to the whole. The analysis and the synthesis are, although mutually contradictory, inseparably interconnected at the same

time. Implementing of synthesis joined various knowledge about investments and investment incentives. Followingly, they were used to the solution and proposal of quality improvement of business surrouding in the Czech Republic.

9. Comparison as one of the most widely used methods of scientific cognition enables to specify the consistency of and the differences between subjects, phenomena and facts. The use of this method will be evident during the whole process of elaboration of the dissertation thesis.

It was used in the issue about legislative frame of the public support on the domestic and Visegrad level. Then it was used in the research of many scientific materials and opinion of important specialists on problemacy of FDI especially in the competition. Comparison was used in the analysis of FDI and investment incentives. Due to questionnaires and its conclusions were gained results and compared by particular formulas.

10. Message and communication

The author presented her articles in conferences and published in journal.

The feedback of participant from conferences led to the thinking and modification of some thesis and influenced the dissertation.

All of the above-mentioned processing methods will be substantiated, and their mutual synergic effect was used.