Katedra 125 IGNALIZACE V FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IN GLASS ATRIUM Bc. v : 2018/ 2019

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(2)

Katedra 125

IGNALIZACE V

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IN GLASS ATRIUM

Bc.

v :

2018/ 2019

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

a pouze za

Ing. , Ph.D.

literatury.

V Praze dne 7.1.2019

Podpis

(7)

kterou mi v

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I

Obsah

Abstrakt ... II Abstract ... II ... III

1 ... 1

2 ... 2

2.1 ... 2

2.2 ... 3

2.2.1 EPS s ... 3

2.2.2 ... 3

2.3 ... 3

2.4 EPS ... 4

2.4.1 ... 5

2.4.2 ... 5

2.5 ... 9

2.5.1 OPPO ... 9

2.5.2 KTPO ... 10

2.5.3 ZDP ... 10

2.6 ... 11

3 ... 12

3.1 Atria z ... 13

3.2 ... 15

3.3 ... 18

4 ... 20

4.1 Software FDS ... 20

4.2 ... 21

4.3 ... 21

4.4 ... 25

4.4.1 ... 26

4.5 ... 32

4.5.1 ... 32

4.5.2 ... 41

4.6 ... 47

5 ... 48

... 49

Seznam tabulek ... 52

Literatura ... 53

... 55

... 71

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II

Abstrakt

. V

edstaveny . problematiky

oftwarem Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)

; atrium; FDS;

Abstract

This diploma thesis focuses on the principle of the design of an electric fire signaling. Individual components are presented in the first part of the project. The explanation of the problematics of designing the fire alarm system in atria is included as well. The second part of the thesis contains examples of two fire scenarios, it is a CFD atrium model including fire detectors, with four above-ground floors, calculated by Fire Dynamics Simulator software (FDS).

The object of the study is the behavior of the smoke in open spaces of the atrium.

Keywords

FDAS; fire; atrium; FDS, CFD, smoke

(10)

III

Zkratky

EPS

VFD Video Fire Detection OPPO

KTPO ZDP

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics FDS Fire Dynamics Simulator (software)

PCO Pult c

CCTV Closed Circuit Television, ( NP

PBZ

(11)

1

V

pod.

tory) prvek

,

a .

je atrium celkovou

s

. V

prostoru atria.

(12)

2

2.1

(d

Je soubor

evakuaci osob ne .

na

br. 1.

Obr. 1 -1:2011 [2]

(13)

3

2.2

ru.

Ty jsou mezi sebou propojeny

s .

2.2.1 s

dojde k

proudo

komunikace.

2.2.2

v

2.3

, a akusticky a opticky

(14)

4 a test.

-li se v

sluha pracuje s

signalizac

Pokud se v

poplach.

V

Video Fire

2.4

-

(15)

5

2.4.1

druhy

Obr. 2 [2]

2.4.2

podle Tab. 1.

(16)

6

Tab. 1 [4]

V je

. V

Obr. 3.

Obr. 3 [4]

popisuje n 10 [4]

(17)

7 Automa

rozptylu opt K

4.

Obr. 4

,

, a to 5),

(Obr. 6

Obr. 5 [2]

(18)

8 Obr. 6

[2]

teplot

m

Obr. 7 [2]

o tep

(19)

9

videodetekci CCTV).

2.5

(ZDP) (OPPO)

ochrany (KTPO) .

2.5.1 OPPO

: a)

b) c) d)

e) provozu,

f)

Obr. 8 [15]

(20)

10

2.5.2 KTPO

jektu,

. V

2.5.3 ZDP

p

Obr. 9 [2]

(21)

11

2.6

a) b)

c) a tepla

d) e) f) g) h) N i)

j) )

k) funkci EPS

(22)

12

3

s

jenom estetika.

. V

v objektu. V

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Obr. 10 )

(c) [14]

(23)

13

3.1 Atria z

dem

Z

k ,

potaz -

Z

s prostoru ot

je

a zpomaluje evakuaci.

(24)

14 Vlivem k

jemu , z toho

je zde

VESDA ,

v atria (a

hotel nebo

z

s Vzorek je z

Obr.11 [11]

(25)

15

u je v

k

u

Obr.12 [11]

3.2

(15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 a 180 minut

V

(26)

16 V

Sklo z Skla s

celistvosti k

pr ^-2

[12]

Skla s

Obr. 13 Sklo s [21]

(27)

17 V

V

]

-z skla. V

(a) (b) Obr.

raha (Foto autor);

(b)

(28)

18

3.3

tak vz

vodou, a podlaze. [18]

s

V

Z

n

v V

U

mimo budovu skrz otvory.

(29)

19

je kolem 7000 m² a s .

V

s zdetek

(a) (b) Obr. 15

(b)

(30)

20

4

pohledu navrh objektem.

Smokeview a Microsoft Office Excel (post-procesor).

4.1 Software FDS

(Computational Fluid Dynamics). V ,

,

[1].

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) v USA a VTT (Teknologiska Forskningscentralen) ve Finsku [1].

(31)

21 Za pomoci FDS lze modelovat [1]:

4.2 P

V

[20]

zhodnotit prostoru atria, a s

ohovky, recepce, 3NP

4.3

Aby

to je

-

(32)

22 byla

v K .

V .

Jed v

Obr. 16

V

je teplota nastaven na

Obr. 17

(33)

23 Obr. 18

Obr.19

(34)

24 Obr. 20

teploty v 30

- , - 461

- ,

(35)

25

Obr. 21 ty

4.4

Jeho

. .NP.

V

.

(36)

26

Obr. 22 atria

4.4.1

pro a,

v

mm .

mm a 400 mm . V modelu byly nastaveny jako vlastnostmi:

- Hustota (density) = 2 500 kg/m³

- odivosti (conductivity) = 1,4

- c= 1,0

- Hustota (density) 2 700 kg/m³

- 0,76

- c= 0,84 kJ/(

(37)

27

pohovka

potahem . obr. 25.

Pro pohovku b rychlost uvol

tepla) 349 kW. Data byly p

1,32 x 0,84 x 0,72 m a o hmotnosti 27,26 kg. K

Tab. (a) Tabulka hodnot v experiment [1];

(a) (b)

(38)

28

Obr. 23 HRR [1]

Jak je z

0 s (viz tab. 2b).

Tab. 24 [1]

V Bylo zvoleno,

od FDS [19].

(39)

29 v

chodby

viz tabulku n (t

Tab. 3

DH Amax

(40)

30

Obr. 25 - p

(41)

31 V

v

vzhledem k min).

Obr. 26 atria

Obr. 27

(42)

32

Obr. 28

4.5

,

v

4.5.1

Dete

atriem v 1.NP v 12

23 s.

Jak lze z

se dostal do prostoru atria. v (Obr.

30) (Obr. 31) a

v (Obr. 32).

(43)

33

Kolem 60 s .NP (v

otvor atria), i teplota (Obr. 33).

(a) (b)

Obr. 29

(a) P v ; (b) D v

(a) (b)

Obr. )

(44)

34

(a) (b)

Obr. 31 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 32 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 33 )

(45)

35 V

. Vlivem akumulace se zv a v

(a) (b)

Obr. 34

(a) ; (b) Teplota (uvedena

(a) (b)

Obr. 35 - 112 s;

(b) Teplota (uvedena

(46)

36

Ve 110 s prostoru 2.NP.

Od otvoru ve tomto

e 2.NP.

210 s se teplota , a to .

Obr. 36 ve 2.NP prostoru recepce

2.NP, v

310 s.

(a) (b)

Obr. 37 )

V 900 s se teplota v

(47)

37

(a) (b)

Obr. 38 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 39 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 40 )

(48)

38

(a) (b)

Obr. 41 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 42 )

Obr. 43 1- p 1.NP

(49)

39

Obr. 44 1 - p 2.NP

Obr. 45 1 - p 3.NP

(50)

40

Obr. 46 - p 4.NP

(51)

41

4.5.2

V .

byl

v prostoru s

v

34,2 s viz obr 25).

(a) (b)

Obr. 47 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 48 )

(52)

42

Po 38 s Jak je z

V 65 s

e 4.NP doch .

(a) (b)

Obr. 49 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 50 )

Ve 130 s 3.NP. Ve 4.

(53)

43

(a) (b)

Obr. 51 ) Te

(a) (b)

Obr. 52 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 53 )

(54)

44 V

.

Od 560 s

(a) (b)

Obr. 54 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 55 )

(a) (b)

Obr. 56 )

(55)

45

(a) (b)

Obr. 57 )

3.NP a 4.NP. V 1.NP a 2.

Obr. 58 2 - 1.NP

(56)

46

Obr. 59 2- 2.NP

Obr. 60 2 - 3.NP

(57)

47

Obr. 61 2 - 4.NP

4.6

V .

k s

, .

V e 3.

. k v

.

(58)

48

5

V

k

signalizace v .

V

nastat.

ky

k s

nto

V

k p

V ,

(59)

49

Obr. -1:2011 [2] 2

5

[4] 6

Obr. 4 Princip detekce bodov 7

[2] 7

v [2] 8

Obr. [2] 8

[15] 9

[2] 10

[14] 12

14

15

Obr. 13 Sklo s [21] 16

17

B (Foto autor) 19

22

23 23 24

Obr. 25

26

Obr. 23 HRR 28

28

(60)

50

30

31

programu FDS 31

programu FDS 32

Obr. 29

33

Obr. 30 33

b) Teplota 34

34

O 34

Obr. 34 duchu

v : (a) ; (b) Teplota 35

35 prostoru recepce 36

Obr. 37 36

37

550 37

38

1.NP 38

2.NP 39

3.NP 39

4.NP 40

41

42

as 65 ota 42

Obr. 51 130 43

43

44

(61)

51

44

45

1.NP 45

2.NP 46

3.NP 46

4.NP 47

(62)

52

Seznam tabulek

6

(a) Tabulka hodnot v experiment [1]; tabulka hodnot v 27

Tab. 3 29

(63)

53

Literatura

[1] WALD, F. a kol.

k programu FDS. Praze -80-01-

05633-2.

[2]

-80-7385-060-9.

[3] -

. Praha 2011.

[4]

Praha

[5] -1. -

[6] -5. .

Praha

[7] -7. - -

tla nebo ionizace. Praha

[8] -12.

[9]

[10] ABBAS - VESDA - ABBAS -

http://www.abbas.cz/clanky/recenze-technika/vesda-aktivni- detekce-pozaru-nasavacimi-systemy/

[11] Xtralis: Early Warning Safety and Security Solutions from Xtralis - Xtralis, VESDA, ADPRO, aspirating smoke detection, perimeter security, smoke detection, life

safety [online]. https://xtralis.com/file.cfm?id=868

[12] Sklo ve . Ostrava, 2012.

[13]

Ostrava, 2014

(64)

54 [14] ANTONIO, L. Report on fire in atrium buildings problems and control: including a case

study on the Pan Pacific Hotel Auckland. New Zealand, 1992.

[15] LITES Liberec MHY912 | ADI. ADI -

z: https://adiglobal.cz/cz/produkty122:84255/oppo-obsluzne-pole-pozarni-ochrany- univerzalni-5-tlacitkove-ip40-5c-+55c

[16]

[17]

. Praha:

-86648-03-6.

[18]

978-80-7385-103-3.

MCGRATTAN, K. et al.

Special Publication 1019-6. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA (Maryland, USA): National Institute for Standards and Technology, 2014.

SCHITTICH, Christian. Glass construction manual. 2nd revised and expanded ed. Basel:

-3-7643-8290-2.

. a. Praha: Grada, 2006.

Stavitel. ISBN 80-247-1329-2.

(65)

55

&HEAD CHID = 'DP_A.KLOUDOVA_Atrium-1' /

&TIME T_END = 900.0 /

&MISC SURF_DEFAULT = 'STENA' /

&MESH ID='sit_1', IJK=52,175,80, XB=0.0,10.4,0.0,35.0,0.0,16.0/

&MESH ID='sit_2', IJK=24,36,21, XB=10.4,15.2,0.0,7.2,0.0,4.2/

&MATL ID='ZELEZOBETON', DENSITY = 2500.0, CONDUCTIVITY = 1.4, SPECIFIC_HEAT = 1.0 /

&MATL ID='SKLO',

DENSITY = 2700.0, CONDUCTIVITY = 0.76, SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.84 /

&SURF ID='STENA', COLOR='WHITE', DEFAULT=.TRUE.,

MATL_ID='ZELEZOBETON', THICKNESS=0.2 /

(66)

56

&SURF ID='STROP',

COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE', MATL_ID='ZELEZOBETON', THICKNESS=0.4 /

&SURF ID='STRECHA', COLOR='BLUE', MATL_ID='SKLO', THICKNESS=0.005, /

&OBST XB= 11.6, 12.4, 1.0, 2.4, 0.4, 0.6, COLOR='BLACK', SURF_ID='STENA'/

&OBST XB= 11.6, 12.4, 0.8, 1.0, 0.0, 0.6, COLOR='BLACK', SURF_ID='STENA' /

&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE' SOOT_YIELD = 0.01 /

&SURF ID='HORAK',

COLOR='TOMATO', HRRPUA=2908.0,

RAMP_Q='HORAK_RAMP_Q' /

&VENT SURF_ID='HORAK', XB=11.6,12.4,1.0,2.4,0.6,0.6/

(67)

57

&RAMP ID='HORAK_RAMP_Q', T=0.0, F=0.0/

Geometrie modelu

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,20.6,22.4,1.8,2.0, COLOR='HONEYDEW',

SURF_ID='STENA' / 1. mezipodesta-1NP

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,20.6,22.4,5.6,5.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&MULT ID='m1', DZ=3.6, K_LOWER=0, K_UPPER=1 /

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,20.6,22.4,6.4,6.6,

(68)

58 MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

1. RAMENO

SURF_ID='STENA' / 4. schod -1NP

SURF_ID='STENA' / 3. -1NP

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,20.0,20.6,5.6,5.4, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,19.4,20.0,5.4,5.0, MULT_ID='m1',

(69)

59 COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,18.8,19.4,5.0,4.6, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,18.0,18.8,4.6,4.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

2. RAMENO

&OBST XB=4.6,5.0,20.6,22.4,6.4,6.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

(70)

60

&OBST XB=5.0,5.4,20.6,22.4,6.2,6.0, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.4,5.8,20.6,22.4,6.0,5.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

3. RAMENO

(71)

61

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,18.0,18.8,7.4,7.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,18.8,19.4,7.2,7.0, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,19.4,20.0,7.0,6.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,20.0,20.6,6.8,6.6, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

(72)

62

&OBST XB=2.6,3.0,18.0,25.2,0.0,14.6, COLOR='PURPLE',

SURF_ID='STENA' / - YL

SURF_ID='STENA' / - YP

SURF_ID='STENA' / - X1

(73)

63 - ATRIUM

&OBST XB=0.0,10.4,0.0,18.0,3.8,4.2, COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE',

SURF_ID='STROP' / Strop nad 1NP

SURF_ID='STROP' / Strop nad 1NP/2

&HOLE XB=2.6,7.8,2.8,16.2,3.8,4.2/ Otvor atrium - strop nad 1NP

&HOLE XB=2.6,7.8,9.0,16.2,7.3,7.9/ Otvor atrium strop nad 2NP

-

&OBST XB=7.8,10.4,18.0,25.4,3.8,4.2,

(74)

64 COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE',

SURF_ID='STROP' / Strop P nad 1NP

&OBST XB=0.0,2.6,18.0,25.4,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE',

SURF_ID='STROP' / S nad 2NP

&OBST XB=7.8,10.4,18.0,25.4,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

&OBST XB=0.0,10.4,25.4,35.0,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

(75)

65

&OBST XB=0.0,10.4,0.0,11.0,14.6,15.0, COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE', SURF_ID='STROP' /

SURF_ID='STENA' / S na 3.NP - 4.NP

&HOLE XB=2.8,7.6,2.6,2.8,7.7,14.6 / St na otvor

(76)

66 3.NP

&OBST XB=2.6,7.8,6.6,6.8,7.8,11.0, COLOR='PURPLE', SURF_ID='STENA' /

4.NP

&OBST XB=0.0,2.6,18.0,18.4,11.4,14.6, COLOR='PURPLE', SURF_ID='STENA' / S

&OBST XB=7.8,10.4,18.0,18.4,11.4,14.6, COLOR='PURPLE', SURF_ID='STENA' / S

(77)

67 ATRIA

&INIT ID='Init Region', XB=0.0,10.4,0.0,18.0,15.2,15.8,TEMPERATURE=60. /

&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBX=3.0/

&DEVC ID='1NP', QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', XYZ=5.2,13.7,1.9/

- -1NP-

&DEVC ID='SCH 1.1', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=1.3, 23.9, 3.7 /

&PROP ID='Acme Smoke Detector', QUANTITY='CHAMBER

OBSCURATION', LENGTH=1.8, ACTIVATION_OBSCURATION=3.24 /

(78)

68 -2NP-

-3NP-

(79)

69 - ATRIUM

-1NP-

&DEVC ID='A 1.1', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=10.3, 3.6, 3.7 /

-2NP-

-3NP-

(80)

70

-4NP-

-

&DEVC ID='SCH STR', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=5.2, 21.0, 5.9 /

&DEVC ID='SCH TOP', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=5.2, 20.2, 14.5 /

&END /

(81)

71

&HEAD CHID = 'DP_A.KLOUDOVA_Atrium-2' /

&TIME T_END = 900.0 /

&MISC SURF_DEFAULT = 'STENA' /

&MESH ID='sit_1', IJK=52,175,80, XB=0.0,10.4,0.0,35.0,0.0,16.0/

&MESH ID='sit_2', IJK=24,36,21, XB=10.4,15.2,0.0,7.2,0.0,4.2/

&MATL ID='ZELEZOBETON', DENSITY = 2500.0, CONDUCTIVITY = 1.4, SPECIFIC_HEAT = 1.0 /

&MATL ID='SKLO',

DENSITY = 2700.0, CONDUCTIVITY = 0.76, SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.84 /

&SURF ID='STENA', COLOR='WHITE', DEFAULT=.TRUE.,

MATL_ID='ZELEZOBETON', THICKNESS=0.2 /

(82)

72

&SURF ID='STROP',

COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE', MATL_ID='ZELEZOBETON', THICKNESS=0.4 /

&SURF ID='STRECHA', COLOR='BLUE', MATL_ID='SKLO', THICKNESS=0.005, /

&OBST XB= 0.4, 1.2, 5.4, 6.8, 8.2, 8.4, COLOR='BLACK', SURF_ID='STENA'/

&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE' SOOT_YIELD = 0.01 /

&SURF ID='HORAK',

COLOR='TOMATO', HRRPUA=2908.0,

RAMP_Q='HORAK_RAMP_Q' /

&VENT SURF_ID='HORAK', XB=0.4, 1.2, 5.4, 6.8, 8.4, 8.4/

(83)

73

Geometrie modelu

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,20.6,22.4,5.6,5.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,20.6,22.4,6.4,6.6,

(84)

74 MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

1.SCHODI

SURF_ID='STENA' / -1NP

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,20.0,20.6,5.6,5.4, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,19.4,20.0,5.4,5.0, MULT_ID='m1',

(85)

75 COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,18.8,19.4,5.0,4.6, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.8,7.4,18.0,18.8,4.6,4.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=4.6,5.0,20.6,22.4,6.4,6.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

(86)

76

&OBST XB=5.0,5.4,20.6,22.4,6.2,6.0, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=5.4,5.8,20.6,22.4,6.0,5.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

(87)

77

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,18.0,18.8,7.4,7.2, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,18.8,19.4,7.2,7.0, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,19.4,20.0,7.0,6.8, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

&OBST XB=3.0,4.6,20.0,20.6,6.8,6.6, MULT_ID='m1',

COLOR='HONEYDEW',

(88)

78

SURF_ID='STENA' / -

(89)

79 - ATRIUM

SURF_ID='STROP' / Strop nad 1NP/2

-

SURF_ID='STROP' / nad 1NP

&OBST XB=7.8,10.4,18.0,25.4,3.8,4.2,

(90)

80 COLOR='MIDNIGHT BLUE',

&OBST XB=0.0,2.6,18.0,25.4,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

&OBST XB=7.8,10.4,18.0,25.4,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

&OBST XB=0.0,10.4,25.4,35.0,7.4,7.8, MULT_ID='m2',

(91)

81

SURF_ID='STENA' / - 4.NP

&HOLE XB=2.8,7.6,2.6,2.8,7.7,14.6 / otvor

(92)

82 3.NP

4.NP

(93)

83 TEPLOTY POD

&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBX=3.0/

- -1NP-

(94)

84 -2NP-

-3NP-

(95)

85 - ATRIUM

-1NP-

-2NP-

-3NP-

(96)

86

-4NP-

-

&DEVC ID='SCH STR', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=5.2, 21.0, 5.9 /

&DEVC ID='SCH TOP', PROP_ID='Acme Smoke Detector', XYZ=5.2, 20.2, 14.5 /

&END /