History and personalities

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THE CR – HISTORY AND FAMOUS PERSONALITIES

Eliška Dražďáková 4.C

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PREHISTORY

• around 200 BC – Celts

• Germanic tribes – beginnig of the first millennium

• Huns – begining of the 5th century

• Slavs – at the end of the 6th century

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SLAVS

• during the 6th century

• original homeland – western Ukraine and Poland

• the germanic tribes perished

• very numerous

• Samo‘s empire – 7th century

• Great Moravia – 9th century

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LEGENDS

• no reports about the period after the Samo‘s empire (150 years)

• legends recorded our first chronicler Kosmas in 12th century

• our ancestors came to Mount Říp and settle there

• the country was named after their leader – Čech

• Krok and his 3 daughters – Kazi, Teta and Libuše

• Libuše married Přemysl Oráč

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THE PŘEMYSLS

• the end of the 9th century

• Bořivoj – the first known prince, his wife – Ludmila

• grandson Wenceslas – murderd, the main patron of the Czech lands

• under prince Oldřich – danger of extinction

• Oldřich remarried Božena – son Břetislav

• Oldřich annexed Moravi a to Bohemia

• the reign of Břetislav – powerful country

• Anežka Česká – became famous for caring for the poor and sick

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THE LUXEMBOURG

• king Wenceslas III. died – Czech lands without the king

• legitimate claim to the Czech crown – Henry Korutanský

• Henry ddisappeared from the country – new king Rudilf Habsburg, married Eliška Rejčka

• Henry returned – confusion

• 1310 – new king John of Luxembourg, , married Eliška Přemyslovna

• son – the future king Charles IV.

• Wenceslas IV. – beggining of the Hussite revolution

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HUSSITE WARS

• country in decline, nobility fight with the king and with each other

• Wenceslas IV. in a dispute with his brother Sigismund

• the Church became rich and corrupt

• John Hus – preacher, church critic

• John Hus was invited to Constance – had to defend his teaching

• burned 6th of July 1415

• his dead aroused great indignation – Kalizs

• Hussites – leaders Žižka and Prokop Holý

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COUNTRY AFTER THE HUSSITE WARS

• hussite wars ended, but there was no peace

• new king – Sigismund‘s grandson Ladislav

• he was too young – provincial administrator George of Poděbrady

• war with the nobility – support of the Hungarian king Matthias

• new king – Vladislav II. Jagiellonian

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THE HABSBURGS

• 1526 – 1918

• ruled from Vienna (except Rudolf II.)

• Rudolf II. – Prague became the center of Europe

• after his death Habsburgs oppressed the Czech kingdom – Czech lords revolted

• The Prague uprising – suppressed

• The Battle of the White Mountain – 8th of November 1620

• after the Battle of the White Mountais – Dark ages

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PART OF AUSTRIA

• craft and trade development

• new inventions

• Maria Theresa – she pushed for changes, reforms – mainly education

• Joseph II. – enlightenment government, reforms

• 18th/19th century – National Revival

• defense of the czech homeland and lamguage

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FIRST WORLD WAR

• boom even at the beginning of the 20th century

• war accepted with reluktance – people did not want to fight for the emperor

• life got worse, many czech politicians imprisoned, hunger and misery

• czechoslovak legions were formed abroad

• the end of the war – Austria-Hungary disintegrated

• 28th of October 1918 – establishment of an independent Czechoslovakia

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CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC

• 28th of October 1918

• Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Russia

• Thomas Garrigue Masaryk – the first Czechoslovak president

• democratic order, new constitution

• one of the most developer industrial state in Europe

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WORLD WAR II

• Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany

• we supplied weapons

• establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia – terror

• everyhing reminiscent of the Czechoslovak republic had to be removed

• people lived in fear

• estanblishment of the concentration camps – a cruel fate for Jews and gypsies

• WW II in Europe ended 8th of May 1945

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RENEWAL OF

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

• democratic country, freedom, many changes have taken place

• Subcarpathian Russia resigned and joined the Soviet Union

• expulsion of the German population

• the first post-war elections were won by the Communist party of Czechoslovakia

• undemocratic and totalitarian government

• nationalization

• socialism built according to the Soviet model

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RETURN TO DEMOCRACY

• end od 1980s – the crisis of the communist systém

• citizens protested against the occuption

• climax in November 1989 – student demonstration

• Civil Forum, bets, demand for the resignation of the Communist party

• Velvet revolution – the fall of the communist régime

• radical changes – the return of democracy and freedom

• the disintegration of the common state of Czechs and Slovaks – the Czech republic and the Slovak republic are established – 1st of January 1993